Role of bombesin-related peptides in the control of food intake

Merali, Zul; McIntosh, Judy; Anisman, Hymie

doi:10.1054/npep.1999.0054

Cited by 108 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Although the BB peptide family was initially implicated in the mediation of peripheral satiety signals (Gibbs et al, 1979;Kulkosky et al, 1982;Merali et al, 1999), more recent studies suggested that these peptides may be active neuromodulators/neuromediators affecting several brain mechanisms and altering behaviors associated with stress and anxiety (Merali et al, 1998(Merali et al, , 2002. The phylogenetic conservation of so-called "gut-brain" peptides (e.g., CCK and BB-like peptides) suggests their importance from an evolutionary perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB₁Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity

Merali¹,

Bédard²,

Andrews³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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The effects of PD 176252 [3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-[1-(5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)-cyclohexylmethyl]-2-methyl-2-[3-(nitro-phenyl)ureido]propionamide], a nonpeptide bombesin (BB) BB 1 /BB 2 receptor antagonist, were assessed in rats using several ethologically relevant tests of anxiety. Consistent with a role for the bombesin family of peptides in subserving anxiety behaviors, the antagonist increased social interaction

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB₁Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity

Merali¹,

Bédard²,

Andrews³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…Although the satiety effects of GRP (and related peptides, for example, bombesin) have been extensively assessed (Babcock et al, 1985;Gibbs, 1985;Gibbs et al, 1979;Gibbs and Smith, 1988;Merali et al, 1999Merali et al, , 2002, there is a paucity of information concerning the involvement of this peptide in relation to reward or anticipatory mechanisms. In the current investigation, the Cue Relevant and Extinction groups displayed comparable increases of GRP in response to the anticipatory cues; but, in the Cue Relevant group, this increase was most pronounced once rats engaged in actual food ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would be of considerable interest to determine whether this peptide is also involved in anticipatory processes. Furthermore, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), which is activated with food ingestion and stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity (Gibbs et al, 1979;Gibbs and Smith, 1988;Kent et al, 1998;Merali et al, 1999Merali et al, , 2002, is released at the central amygdala in response to both appetitive and aversive stimuli . Although CRH and GRP systems may functionally be interlinked (Merali et al, 2002), and receptors for both peptides are expressed within the mPFC (Kroog et al, 1995;Radulovic et al, 1998), limited information is available as to whether these peptides are associated with anticipatory processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Cues Differentially Provoke In Vivo Peptidergic and Monoaminergic Release at the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Merali

McIntosh

Anisman

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Like primary reinforcers, the anticipation of reward ought to affect neurochemical release in brain regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which are associated with appraisal processes. To assess the neurochemical changes associated with anticipation, rats were exposed to the pairing of auditory (60-dB white noise), visual, and olfactory cues with the daily presentation of a palatable snack (Cue Relevant group). Rats of a second group were similarly trained, but for a 2-week period, the snack was no longer provided following cue presentation (Extinction group). In the third condition, the presentation of the snack and cues was uncorrelated (Cue Irrelevant group). Analyses of dialysates collected in vivo from the mPFC revealed that release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), gastrinreleasing peptide (GRP), and the 5-HT catabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), had increased bilaterally in response to the anticipatory cues, whereas DA release increased only within the right mPFC. In the case of CRH and GRP, these increases were also apparent in the extinction condition, despite the fact that behavioral arousal to the anticipatory cues (increased exploration, rearing, grooming, and vigilance) was only evident in the Cue Relevant condition. In contrast, the elevated DA and 5-HIAA were apparent exclusively in the Cue Relevant condition. Thus, CRH and GRP systems may serve to allocate salience and/or incentive reward value to biologically significant stimuli or reflect the emotional response to the anticipatory stimulus. The activity of DA and 5-HT neurons, in contrast, is more closely aligned with the cognitive appraisal of predictor stimuli.

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“…In addition to the cholecystokinin experiment noted above, evidence for a brainstem site of action is available for bombesin, another gut peptide released by the presence of food (119). A brainstem emphasis is supported by dose-response curves for lateralicv administration that are substantially right-shifted from those obtained when bombesin is delivered to the fourth ventricle (106).…”

Section: Neurochemical Mediationmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

Grill

Kaplan

2002

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

352

219

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The hypothalamic feeding-center model, articulated in the 1950s, held that the hypothalamus contains the interoceptors sensitive to blood-borne correlates of available or stored fuels as well as the integrative substrates that process metabolic and visceral afferent signals and issue commands to brainstem mechanisms for the production of ingestive behavior. A number of findings reviewed here, however, indicate that sensory and integrative functions are distributed across a central control axis that includes critical substrates in the basal forebrain as well as in the caudal brainstem. First, the interoceptors relevant to energy balance are distributed more widely than had been previously thought, with a prominent brainstem complement of leptin and insulin receptors, glucose-sensing mechanisms, and neuropeptide mediators. The physiological relevance of this multiple representation is suggested by the demonstration that similar behavioral effects can be obtained independently by stimulation of respective forebrain and brainstem subpopulations of the same receptor types (e.g., leptin, CRH, and melanocortin). The classical hypothalamic model is also challenged by the integrative achievements of the chronically maintained, supracollicular decerebrate rat. Decerebrate and neurologically intact rats show similar discriminative responses to taste stimuli and are similarly sensitive to intake-inhibitory feedback from the gut. Thus, the caudal brainstem, in neural isolation from forebrain influence, is sufficient to mediate ingestive responses to a range of visceral afferent signals. The decerebrate rat, however, does not show a hyperphagic response to food deprivation, suggesting that interactions between forebrain and brainstem are necessary for the behavioral response to systemic/ metabolic correlates of deprivation in the neurologically intact rat. At the same time, however, there is evidence suggesting that hypothalamic-neuroendocrine responses to fasting depend on pathways ascending from brainstem. Results reviewed are consistent with a distributionist (as opposed to hierarchical) model for the control of energy balance that emphasizes: (i) control mechanisms endemic to hypothalamus and brainstem that drive their unique effector systems on the basis of local interoceptive, and in the brainstem case, visceral, afferent inputs and (ii) a set of uni-and bidirectional interactions that coordinate adaptive neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to changes in metabolic status. KEY WORDS: feeding behavior; leptin; glucose sensing; decerebrate; neuropeptide; hypothalamic model; caudal brainstem; energy balance.

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Role of bombesin-related peptides in the control of food intake

Cited by 108 publications

References 82 publications

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB₁Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB₁Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity

Anticipatory Cues Differentially Provoke In Vivo Peptidergic and Monoaminergic Release at the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

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Role of bombesin-related peptides in the control of food intake

Cited by 108 publications

References 82 publications

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB1Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB1Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity

Anticipatory Cues Differentially Provoke In Vivo Peptidergic and Monoaminergic Release at the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

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Product

Resources

About

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB₁Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity

Bombesin Receptors as a Novel Anti-Anxiety Therapeutic Target: BB₁Receptor Actions on Anxiety through Alterations of Serotonin Activity