Role of Candidate Genes Regulating Uterine Prostaglandins Biosynthesis for Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Domestic Animals

Abstract

The survivability and opportunity of successful development of an embryo are influenced directly or indirectly by factors controlling uterine microenvironment. Out of all factors, hormones such as prostaglandins (PGs) released during the preimplantation period influence molecular interactions involved in maintenance of pregnancy through reciprocal interactions between the conceptus and endometrium. PGs are important regulators of female reproductive functions, namely, ovulation, uterine receptivity, implantation, and parturition. Among different classes of PGs, prostaglandin F2 (PGF2 ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are main prostanoids produced by human and bovine endometrium for successful growth and development of the posthatching blastocyst. In ruminants, PGF2 produced by endometrium is the major luteolytic agent, whereas PGE2 has luteoprotective and antiluteolytic properties. Therefore, the development and maintenance of the corpus luteum (CL), as well as establishment of pregnancy, depend on the balance of luteolytic PGF2 and luteotropic PGE2. In this review, we discussed the expression and function of genes which predominantly regulate the synthesis and their secretion of PGF2 and PGES, namely, PGFS (AKR1B5/AKR1C3), PGES, PGFR, and COX-2.

Expression deregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and vasoconstriction related genes in Pakistani females with abnormal uterine bleeding

“…Prostaglandins are well known for their importance in female reproduction [68] including implantation, ovulation and uterine maintenance [36,40]. In uterine tissue prostaglandins work through different receptors and its function depends on expression of receptors [13].…”

Dietary gamma-linolenic acid supports arachidonic acid accretion and associated Δ-5 desaturase activity in feline uterine but not ovarian tissues

“…These findings confirm the results from our earlier study of plasma PL of cats fed these same three diets during a 56-d period ( 8 ) and extend them to include fatty acid compositions of feline reproductive tissues and evidence for active Δ5-desaturation in uterine tissue. The uterine accretion of ARA with the GL diet would be expected to provide the substrate for PG synthesis in support of the successful full-term pregnancy ( 10 ) . Thus, a diet containing GLA from vegetable sources may be possible to meet feline ARA requirements for reproduction in the absence of a pre-formed animal-based ARA source.…”

Whole-genome resequencing identifies selection signatures during Hu sheep domestication and adaptation

“…PGF 2α is the main active PGs in mediating myometrial contraction related to the onset of labor in sheep (LIGGINS, G., C., GRIEVES, & SUSAN, 1971). PGFS is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGF 2α (Rohit et al, 2013). It has been demonstrated that both uterine and placental tissues express PGFS (Palliser & H., 2004;Xiao, 1999).…”