Role of carbon in the chromium deposit electroplated from a trivalent chromium-based bath

The Wear Resistance of Cr-C-Al2O3Composite Deposits Prepared on a Cu Substrate using Cr3+-based Plating Baths

“…Before electroplating, the Cu substrate was mechanically polished with 600-grid emery paper, ultrasonically cleaned in an alcohol bath, and dried with an air blaster. The trivalent Cr plating bath was composed of 0.8 M CrCl 3 ·6H 2 O as the main metal salt, urea as a complex agent and a small amount of buffer salts to maintain a pH value of 1.1 [7]. Al 2 O 3 particles with an average size of 100 nm were added to the plating bath at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 150 gL -1 to produce the Cr-C and Cr-C-Al 2 O 3 deposits on the Cu substrate.…”

“…780 Hv to ca. 1600 Hv after annealing at 600 °C for 1 h [7] or to ca. 1600 Hv through reduction flame heating for 1 s [8].…”

Effect of the Cu-substrate thickness on the hardness variation of flame-heated Cr–C deposits

“…Then, a low-angle (~8°) Ar+-ion milling machine (VCR, XLA 2000) operated at 5 kV was used to mill the specimen until a tiny hole was produced in the Cr-C specimen where its microstructure can be observed and analyzed with an electron beam. To investigate the hardened phases in the flame-heated Cr-C deposits with and without a Cu substrate, an extraction method was conducted to prepare the TEM specimens [10].…”

Improving hardness and tribological characteristics of nanocrystalline Cr–C films obtained from Cr(III) plating bath using pulsed electrodeposition

“…In recent years, a number of publications were devoted to Cr-C electrodeposition from Cr(III) baths [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Such chromium-carbon coatings were shown to distinguish by their valuable physicochemical and mechanical properties.…”