Role of compensatory mammary growth in epigenetic control of gene expression

Park, Chung S.

doi:10.1096/fj.05-3816hyp

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In particular, elevated nutrient intake reduces prepubertal mammary development by impairing epithelial cell proliferation (Brown et al, 2005;Sejrsen and Purup, 1997). However, when a high-energy diet was introduced during gestation, lactation efficiency increased (Park, 2005), thus revealing the importance of the reproductive status of animals in the event of nutritional changes.…”

Section: Developmental Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An obesogenic diet started before puberty leads to abnormal mammary gland development during pregnancy in the rabbit

Hue-Beauvais¹,

Chavatte‐Palmer

Aujean³

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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Alterations to the metabolic environment during puberty can impact future lactation efficiency and mammary tumorigenesis. During this study, we used a model of rabbits receiving an obesogenic diet (OD), starting before puberty and extending until mid-pregnancy. Three months later, the body weight of OD animals was significantly higher than that of controls and their mammary glands displayed a precocious and abnormal development at mid-pregnancy. OD mammary ducts were filled with dense products, while alveolar structures invaded most of the fat pad. The proportion of secretory epithelium was significantly higher in OD mammary tissue, which contained an abundant accumulation of milk proteins and lipids. In conclusion, an obesogenic diet started before puberty induced an accelerated development of the rabbit mammary gland, leading to an accumulation of secretory products at mid-pregnancy. These results support the critical influence of nutrition on mammary growth and differentiation, which may be deleterious to mammary development and subsequent lactation. Developmental Dynamics 240:347-356,

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Section: Developmental Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An obesogenic diet started before puberty leads to abnormal mammary gland development during pregnancy in the rabbit

Hue-Beauvais¹,

Chavatte‐Palmer

Aujean³

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Children who are breastfed were shown to have superior neurodevelopment outcomes and the duration of breastfeeding also affect a child's intelligence (Park, 2005). The effect on the IQ of babies who continue to breastfeed for longer duration cannot be explained by the mere presence for the long chain fatty acids per say, but are related to the extent of genetic expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While such epigenetic changes in the genome are heritable but do not involve mutation of the DNA itself, DNA methylation is accepted as one of the most important underlying biological mechanisms regulating the metabolic imprinting process (Jaenisch and Bird, 2003). DNA methylation is the post replication process by which cytosine nucleotides in CpG sequences are methylated to 5-methylcytosine, forming gene-specific methylation patterns (Park, 2005). DNA methylation might be responsible for the stable maintenance of the particular gene expression pattern through mitotic cell division (Santos et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hormonal milieu present during pregnancy results in lasting changes in the pattern in gene expression in the mammary gland, leading to permanent changes in cell fate that determine the subsequent proliferative response of the gland. These hormonally induced persistent changes in gene expression may be mediated by epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation status of promoter sequences (Park, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene Expression of FADS2 mRNA Linked to Intelligence in Exclusively Breast Milk Fed Preterms

Alhusseini¹,

Ali²,

Abul-Fadl³

et al. 2014

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Breastfeeding is important for brain development and was shown by many studies to result in higher scores Intelligent Quotient (IQ). However, the exact mechanism whereby Breastfeeding influences cognitive development remains unclear. This study aimed to study the expression of genetic code FADS2 linked to the cognitive function in relation to the mode of feeding. The study comprised 30 preterm infants of 32 to 34 weeks gestation age including 15 exclusively breastfed and 15 fed on Infant Milk Formula (IMF) selected from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Talkha Central Hospital in Dakahlia Governorate Egypt. Blood samples were drawn at birth and at 12 weeks of life and FADS2 mRNA gene expression-was measured using real time PCR at birth and at 12 weeks of life. Blood indices were measured at 12 weeks. FADS2 mRNA gene expression demonstrated a significant increase from birth to 3 months, with 109 folds rise in breast fed group compared to five folds rise in the artificially fed group at (p<0.001). Breast milk influences gene expression. The higher FADS2 expression observed in the breastfed group can be used to predict higher IQ scores in the breastfed preterm. The mammary gland could be an organ that stipulates and regulates genetic expression in the newborn.

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“…In this study, heifers were subjected to energy restriction during mid-gestation, followed by re-feeding during late gestation. It was hypothesized that epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in these carryover effects on lactation (Park, 2005). To support this, there was a decrease in 5 0 -methyldeoxycytidine levels in late gestation mammary tissue from heifers subjected to the stair-step compensatory nutrition compared with controls, which was associated with increased casein gene expression (Choi et al, 1998).…”

Section: Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance Studies In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics: a possible role in acute and transgenerational regulation of dairy cow milk production

Singh

Molenaar

Swanson

et al. 2012

Animal

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A potential role for epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of mammary function in the dairy cow is emerging. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in genome function that occur because of chemical changes rather than DNA sequence changes. DNA methylation is an epigenetic event that results in the silencing of gene expression and may be passed on to the next generation. However, recent studies investigating different physiological states and changes in milk protein gene expression suggest that DNA methylation may also play an acute, regulatory, role in gene transcription. This overview will highlight the role of DNA methylation in the silencing of milk protein gene expression during mastitis and mammary involution. Moreover, environmental factors such as nutrition may induce epigenetic modifications of gene expression. The current research investigating the possibility of in utero, hence cross-generational, epigenetic modifications in dairy cows will also be discussed. Understanding how the mammary gland responds to environmental cues provides a potential to enhance milk production not only of the dairy cow but also of her daughter.Keywords: epigenetics, DNA methylation, transgeneration, milk production, dairy cows ImplicationsEpigenetic regulation of gene expression is emerging as a hitherto unknown level of biological control. We will discuss how epigenetics may be part of the enormously complex regulatory pathways underpinning milk production. Not only may epigenetic regulation be directly involved in milk production of the mother ('acute epigenetics'), but it may also indirectly affect milk production in its offspring through transgenerational epigenetics, by effects on foetal development in utero. Gaining a clearer understanding of this level of regulatory control may lead to new insights in optimizing milk production not only in today's cows but also in future generations. IntroductionMilk production in dairy cows is influenced by numerous factors, including the environment (e.g. nutrition, photoperiod and heat stress), hormones, local factors within the mammary gland (e.g. autocrine, paracrine and homeostatic feedback systems), diseases (e.g. mastitis) and management practises (e.g. milking frequency). At the cellular level, these factors influence both the number and the activity of the mammary epithelial cells that synthesize milk. Multiple cell signalling pathways have been identified that play a role in regulating milk synthesis (Suchyta et al., 2003;Connor et al., 2008;Finucane et al., 2008;Singh et al., 2008). At the initiation of lactation, the rapid increase to peak milk yield following parturition is primarily because of an increase in mammary epithelial activity in response to milking. The gradual decline in milk production following peak lactation is anomalous to gradual involution and is predominantly a result of mammary epithelial loss via apoptosis (Wilde et al., 1997;Capuco et al., 2001). Microarray studies on rodent (Master et al., 2002;Clarkson et al., 2004;Stein et al., 2004) an...

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Role of compensatory mammary growth in epigenetic control of gene expression

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

An obesogenic diet started before puberty leads to abnormal mammary gland development during pregnancy in the rabbit

An obesogenic diet started before puberty leads to abnormal mammary gland development during pregnancy in the rabbit

Gene Expression of FADS2 mRNA Linked to Intelligence in Exclusively Breast Milk Fed Preterms

Epigenetics: a possible role in acute and transgenerational regulation of dairy cow milk production

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