Role of computerised continuous performance task tests in ADHD

Ogundele, Michael; Ayyash, Hani; Banerjee, Somnath

doi:10.1002/pnp.198

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Secondly, the CVAT is highly reliable when the test is administered twice over a 1-week period (Schmidt and Manhães, 2005). This is in accordance with many other test-retest reliability studies with different CPTs that use the same format of the CVAT (Soreni et al, 2009;Ogundele et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There were six blocks with three sub-blocks each of 20 trials (two figures presented whether targets or not). increasing the number of errors and the variability of reaction times, because the task is tedious and because it is impossible to remember the sequences showed on the screen (Schmidt and Manhães, 2005;Soreni et al, 2009;Ogundele et al, 2011). Each stimulus was displayed for 250 milliseconds.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Attention Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be mentioned that in the second test, normal subjects tend to exhibit a worse performance, i.e. increasing the number of errors and the variability of reaction times, because the task is tedious and because it is impossible to remember the sequences showed on the screen (Schmidt and Manhães, 2005;Soreni et al, 2009;Ogundele et al, 2011). As there is no learning effect, every interpretation of improvement in the performance should be made considering an actual improvement.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Attention Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional performance may help to identify duloxetine responders in chronic pain fibromyalgia patients

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Alvarenga

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et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Evaluation Of Attention Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Attention Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Attentional performance may help to identify duloxetine responders in chronic pain fibromyalgia patients

Schmidt

Alvarenga

Manhães

et al. 2017

European Journal of Pain

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to assess the effects of lead not only on symptoms identified in the diagnostic criteria, but also on measurable brain functions. The CPT is a neuropsychological test that has a strong correlation with clinical diagnoses and is considered a useful assessment tool for classifying patients [35]. In our study, omission errors and response time variability showed an association with lead, and these two domains completely mediated the effects of lead on ADHD symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Interaction between lead and noradrenergic genotypes affects neurocognitive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case control study

Choi

Jung

Nam

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background We aimed to evaluate neurocognitive functions associated with blood lead levels and their relationship with the interactions between lead and dopaminergic or noradrenergic genotypes in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods A total of 267 youths with ADHD and 101 healthy controls (aged 5 to 18 years) participated in this study. A semi-structured interview, the Korean Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), was conducted for psychiatric diagnostic evaluation. Blood lead levels were measured, and their interaction with dopaminergic or noradrenergic genotypes for ADHD, namely dopamine transporter (DAT1), dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), and alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) genotypes were investigated. All participants were assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS). Participants also completed the continuous performance test (CPT) and Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT). Analysis of covariance was used for comparison of blood lead levels between ADHD and control groups. A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the associations of blood lead levels with the results of ADHD-RS, CPT, and SCWT; adjusted for intelligence quotient (IQ), age, and sex. Path analysis model was used to identify mediating effects of neurocognitive functions on blood lead levels and ADHD symptoms.Results There was a significant difference in blood lead levels between the ADHD and control groups (1.4±0.5 vs. 1.3±0.5 µg/dL, p=0.004). Blood lead levels showed a positive correlation with scores on omission errors of CPT (r=0.16, p=0.01) and on the hyperactivity-impulsivity subscale of ADHD-RS (r=0.14, p=0.03). In the multivariable linear regression model, blood lead levels were associated with CPT omission errors (B=0.14, p=0.02). Regarding the effects of lead on ADHD symptoms, hyperactivity-impulsivity was mediated by omission errors of CPT. An interaction effect was detected between ADRA2A genotype and lead levels on omission errors (B=0.12, p=0.04).Conclusions Our results indicate that neurocognitive functions at least partly mediate the association between blood lead levels and ADHD symptoms, and that neurocognitive functions are affected by the interaction between blood lead levels and noradrenergic genotype.

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“…Beyond binary classification, we also found strong correlations between behavioral metrics (σ, TIMO, and RT τ ) and clinical ones (GEC and ACDS). Based on these correlations, the behavioral metrics in our task could be considered candidate psychomarkers for ADHD, similar to the performance on the CPT [109], response variability [8,110], and drift rate [111], and along with potential biomarkers such as saccade patterns [112], microsaccade rate in specific tasks [33,113,114], pupil size [115], eye vergence [116] and cortical thickness [117]. While there is a long pipeline from task and metric to clinically useful assay [118,119], simple behavioral paradigms and modeling applied to ADHD and other disorders could in the long term help refine diagnostic categories and inform and quantify the efficacy of treatment, as is the goal in computational psychiatry more broadly [44,120,121].…”

Section: Perceptual Variability As a Candidate Diagnosis Marker For Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-level perceptual correlate of behavioral and clinical deficits in ADHD

Mihali

Young

Adler

et al. 2017

Preprint

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In many studies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stimulus encoding and processing (perceptual function) and response selection (executive function) have been intertwined. To dissociate these functions, we introduced a task that parametrically varied low-level stimulus features (orientation and color) for fine-grained analysis of perceptual function, and that also required participants to switch their attention between feature dimensions on a trial-by-trial basis, thus taxing executive processes. Our response paradigm captured task-irrelevant motor output (TIMO), reflecting failures to use the correct stimulus-response rule. ADHD patients had substantially worse perceptual function than Controls, especially for orientation. ADHD participants had also higher TIMO; this measure was strongly affected by the switch manipulation. Across participants, the perceptual variability parameter was correlated with TIMO, suggesting that perceptual deficits could underlie executive function deficits. Based on perceptual variability alone, we were able to classify participants into ADHD and Controls with a mean accuracy of about 77%. Participants' self-reported General Executive Composite score correlated not only with TIMO but also with the perceptual variability parameter. Our results highlight the role of perceptual deficits in ADHD and the usefulness of computational modeling of behavior in dissociating perceptual from executive processes.In Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), self-reported behavioral deficits have been attributed to differences in executive function, attention, and perceptual function. These brain functions can be objectively quantified with behavioral paradigms, but the individual components are often not well separated. ADHD patients tend to have worse executive function than Controls according to several metrics [1][2][3][4], predominantly in response execution and inhibition [5][6][7], but also in switching between stimulus-response rules [8][9][10][11]. It has been pointed out that non-executive processes, such as alertness, accumulation of evidence or drift rate, motivation, or reward processing, might interact with executive ones [12][13][14][15][16]. In the realm of visual attention, differences in accuracy or reaction time have been found in some visual search tasks but not in others [17,18], and no consistent deficits have been found in visuo-spatial orienting [19][20][21][22]. Despite evidence of impaired perceptual function in ADHD from psychiatric assessments [23,24], behavioral studies that examined the quality of perceptual encoding in ADHD in the absence of executive or attentional involvement found small and inconsistent differences (see [25] for a review). There have been attempts to dissociate executive from perceptual function in ADHD within a single task, but the results have been mixed [26][27][28][29]. One complicating factor could be that commonly used stimuli such as faces, letters, or numbers are high-dimensional and have content at many levels. Anot...

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Role of computerised continuous performance task tests in ADHD

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

Attentional performance may help to identify duloxetine responders in chronic pain fibromyalgia patients

Attentional performance may help to identify duloxetine responders in chronic pain fibromyalgia patients

Interaction between lead and noradrenergic genotypes affects neurocognitive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case control study

A low-level perceptual correlate of behavioral and clinical deficits in ADHD

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