Role of Copper Oxide on Epoxy Coatings with New Intumescent Polymer-Based Fire Retardant

Abstract

Epoxy resins (EP) have been used as a thermos-setting material in the field of coating, casting, bonding agent, and laminating. However, a major drawback associated with its use is the lack of good flaming properties, and it is responsible for heavy smoke along with hazardous gases considerably limiting its uses in various fields. In this study, N-ethanolamine triazine-piperizine, a melamine polymer (ETPMP), was established as a new charring-foaming agent and was successfully synthesized with ethanolamine, piperizine, cyanuric chloride, and melamine as precursor molecules via the nucleophilic substitution reaction method. Elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis were applied to approve the synthesis of ETPMP and confirmation of its structure and characterization. The epoxy coating of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was equipped by introducing ETPMP, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and copper oxide (CuO) in multiple composition ratios. CuO was loaded at various amounts into the IFR-coating system as a synergistic agent. The synergistic action of CuO on IFR coatings was scientifically examined by using different analytical tests such as vertical burning test (UL-94V), limited oxygen index (LOI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that small changes in the amount of CuO expressively amplified the LOI results and enhanced the V-0 ratings in the UL-94V test. The TGA data clearly demonstrate that the inclusion of CuO can transform the thermal deprivation behavior of coatings with a growing char slag proportion with elevated temperatures. Information from cone calorimeter data affirmed that CuO can decrease the burning factors by total heat release (THR) together with peak heat release rate (PHRR). The SEM images indicated that CuO can enrich the power and compression of the intumescent char that restricts the movement of heat and oxygen. Our results demonstrate a positive influence of CuO on the epoxy-headed intumescent flame retardant coatings.

Recent advances in metal-family flame retardants: a review

“…Riyazuddin et al synthesized polymeric flame retardants (ETPMP) by nucleophilic substitution reactions using ethanolamine, piperazine, and melamine, as raw materials. 96 ETPMP, APP and CuO were used in various ratios to prepare intumescent flame retardants (IFR and IFR/CuO). Flame retardant and smoke suppression tests were conducted and the results showed that the addition of a small amount of CuO significantly improved the LOI results and the UL-94 to V-0 level and the strength analysis results of epoxy, EP/IFR, and EP/IFR/CuO-5% sample charred layers is shown in Fig.…”

The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings

“…Chen et al [18] used dimethyldioxysiloxane condensed with 3-glycosyloxypropyltrimethoxysiloxane (KH-560) to prepare a silicone-modified epoxy resin-based coating (SiR) and cured the resin with a nitrogen-and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant (PTDP), which was able to achieve a V-1 rating in UL-94 testing, and the LOI value could reach 31%. Riyazuddin et al [19] prepared a novel melamine polymer (ETPMP) using nucleophilic substitution reaction and prepared epoxy resin-based flame-retardant coatings together with APP and CuO. The flame-retardant properties of the coatings changed significantly as soon as trace amounts of CuO were doped, with a 13% increase in LOI value and a UL-94 test rating of V-0.…”

Is Graphene Always Effective in Reinforcing Composites? The Case of Highly Graphene-Modified Thermoplastic Nanofibers and Their Unfortunate Application in CFRP Laminates

“…The first issue is intrinsically related to the chemical structure of the CFRPs, and while it can be addressed with the choice of a convenient polymeric matrix, it cannot be completely overcome. The fire-related question can be mitigated by adding flame-retardant and/or flame-resistant additives to the matrix [7][8][9] or applying surface localized treatments in order to avoid bulk modification [10], and the latter by increasing the interlaminar fracture toughness [11][12][13], that is, the energy required for crack propagation. While bulk matrix toughening is possible, similar to the flame retardancy approach, it is undesirable due to the laminate weight increase and worsening of the overall thermomechanical properties [14,15].…”