Role of CR2 in the human adult and neonatal in vitro antibody response to type 4 pneumococcal polysaccharide

Griffioen, Arjan W.; Toebes, Elly A.H.; Zegers, B. J. M.; Rijkers, Ger T.

doi:10.1016/0008-8749(92)90002-7

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It has been shown to enhance the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, stimulate monocytes, and induce autolysis in S. pneumoniae (17,32). CD21 serves as the receptor for C3d, a degradation fragment of complement component C3, and for gp350 from Epstein-Barr virus (26). Although originally described in B-lymphocytes, CD21 has also been found to be expressed in other cell types, including monocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumolysin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Identified by cDNA Microarray Analysis of THP-1 Human Mononuclear Cells Stimulated byStreptococcus pneumoniae

Rogers

Thornton²,

Barker

et al. 2003

Infect Immun

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Pneumolysin is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, interacting with the membranes of host cells to elicit a multitude of inflammatory responses. We used cDNA microarrays to identify genes which are responsive to S. pneumoniae in a pneumolysin-dependent and -independent fashion. The THP-1 human monocytic cell line was coincubated for 3 h with medium alone, with the virulent type 2 S. pneumoniae strain D39, or with the isogenic strain PLN, which does not express pneumolysin. RNA was isolated from the monocytes and hybridized on cDNA microarrays. Of 4,133 genes evaluated, 142 were found to be responsive in a pneumolysin-dependent fashion, whereas 40 were found to be responsive independent of pneumolysin. Genes that were up-regulated in cells exposed to D39 relative to those exposed to PLN included genes encoding proteins such as mannose binding lectin 1, lysozyme, ␣-1 catenin, cadherin 17, caspases 4 and 6, macrophage inflammatory protein 1␤ (MIP-1␤), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3), IL-2 receptor ␤ (IL-2R␤), IL-15 receptor ␣ (IL-15R␣), interferon receptor 2, and prostaglandin E synthase. Down-regulated genes included those encoding complement component receptor 2/CD21, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1). Pneumolysin-independent responses included down-regulation of the genes encoding CD68, CD53, CD24, transforming growth factor ␤2, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1. These results demonstrate the striking effects of pneumolysin on the host cell upon exposure to S. pneumoniae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumolysin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Identified by cDNA Microarray Analysis of THP-1 Human Mononuclear Cells Stimulated byStreptococcus pneumoniae

Rogers

Thornton²,

Barker

et al. 2003

Infect Immun

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“…The CR2 expression profile in equine PBMC is intriguing because it contrasts with the decreased CR2 expression reported for human neonatal B cells [123]. Low CR2 expression has been implicated as the reason why human neonatal B cells do not respond to T cell-independent antigens, such as pneumococcal polysaccharides [124]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses

et al. 2018

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During the neonatal period, the ability to generate immune effector and memory responses to vaccines or pathogens is often questioned. This study was undertaken to obtain a global view of the natural differences in the expression of immune genes early in life. Our hypothesis was that transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of foals (on day 1 and day 42 after birth) and adult horses would show differential gene expression profiles that characterize natural immune processes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis provided assessment of biological processes affected by age, and a list of 897 genes with ≥2 fold higher (p<0.01) expression in day 42 when compared to day 1 foal samples. Up-regulated genes included B cell and T cell receptor diversity genes; DNA replication enzymes; natural killer cell receptors; granzyme B and perforin; complement receptors; immunomodulatory receptors; cell adhesion molecules; and cytokines/chemokines and their receptors. The list of 1,383 genes that had higher (p<0.01) expression on day 1 when compared to day 42 foal samples was populated by genes with roles in innate immunity such as antimicrobial proteins; pathogen recognition receptors; cytokines/chemokines and their receptors; cell adhesion molecules; co-stimulatory molecules; and T cell receptor delta chain. Within the 742 genes with increased expression between day 42 foal and adult samples, B cell immunity was the main biological process (p = 2.4E-04). Novel data on markedly low (p<0.0001) TLR3 gene expression, and high (p≤0.01) expression of IL27, IL13RA1, IREM-1, SIRL-1, and SIRPα on day 1 compared to day 42 foal samples point out potential mechanisms of increased susceptibility to pathogens in early life. The results portray a progression from innate immune gene expression predominance early in life to adaptive immune gene expression increasing with age with a putative overlay of immune suppressing genes in the neonatal phase. These results provide insight to the unique attributes of the equine neonatal and young immune system, and offer many avenues of future investigation.

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“…However, antibody responses to T-cell-dependent type II antigens remain absent or low during the first 2 years of life, which may be due to the diminished expression of CR2 or poor interaction between CR2 and secretory immunoglobulins [101,102]. The use of 8-mercaptoguanosine showed increased CR2 expression in adult and neonatal B cells, overcoming the in vitro unresponsiveness to T-cellindependent type II antigens of neonatal B cells and increasing the antibody response against type 4 p neumococcal polysaccharide (PS) antigen [101].…”

Section: Other Adjuvants N C3dmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immune Adjuvants in Early Life: Targeting the Innate Immune System to Overcome Impaired Adaptive Response

2009

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The neonatal phase is a transitory period characterized by an absence of memory cells, favoring a slow adaptive response prone to tolerance effects and the development of Th2-type responses. However, when appropriately stimulated, neonates may achieve an immune response comparable with adult counterparts. One strategy to stimulate the immunological response of neonates or children in early infancy has been to explore natural or synthetic ligands of cell receptors to stimulate innate immunity. The use of adjuvants for activating different cell receptors may be the key to enhancing neonatal adaptive immunity. This review highlights recent advances in the emerging field of molecular adjuvants of innate immune response and their implications for the development of immunotherapies, with particular focus on the neonatal period.

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Role of CR2 in the human adult and neonatal in vitro antibody response to type 4 pneumococcal polysaccharide

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Pneumolysin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Identified by cDNA Microarray Analysis of THP-1 Human Mononuclear Cells Stimulated byStreptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumolysin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Identified by cDNA Microarray Analysis of THP-1 Human Mononuclear Cells Stimulated byStreptococcus pneumoniae

Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses

Immune Adjuvants in Early Life: Targeting the Innate Immune System to Overcome Impaired Adaptive Response

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