Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia

Hulse-Post, D. J.; Sturm‐Ramirez, Katharine; Humberd, Jennifer; Seiler, Patrick; Govorkova, Elena A.; Krauss, Scott; Scholtissek, C.; Puthavathana, P.; Buranathai, Chantanee; Nguyen, Tung; Long, Hoang Thuy; Naipospos, T. S. P.; Chen, H.; Ellis, T.M.; Guan, Yi; Peiris, J S Malik; Webster, Robert G.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0504662102

Cited by 431 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Higher levels of viral shedding were detected in oropharyngeal swabs than in cloacal swabs in both age groups, which is consistent with the reported shift from the traditional enteric system of spread of AI viruses to respiratory spread 9 , 25 , 30 , 31 . Similar levels of viral shedding were also detected in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from both age groups, which may have implications for the transmission and geographical spread of these H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The effect of age on the pathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentally

Löndt¹,

Núñez²,

Banks³

et al. 2009

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have recently displayed increased virulence for wild waterfowl. Objectives To study the effect of host age on the shedding and tissue dissemination of a HPAI H5N1 virus in infected Pekin ducks. Methods Pekin ducks in two age‐matched groups (n = 18), 8 and 12 weeks old (wo) were each infected with 106 EID50/0·1 ml of HPAI A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 (H5N1, clade 2·2). Each day for 5 days, birds were monitored clinically, and cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs collected, before three birds from each group were selected randomly for post‐mortem examination. Tissue samples were collected for examination by real‐time RT‐PCR, histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Severe clinical signs, including incoordination and torticollis were observed in the 8 wo group resulting in 100% mortality by 4 dpi. Mild clinical signs were observed in the 12 wo group with no mortality. Real‐time RT‐PCR and IHC results demonstrated the systemic spread of H5N1 virus in birds of both age groups. Higher levels of virus shedding were detected in oropharyngeal swabs than in cloacal swabs, with similar levels of shedding detected in both age groups. Variations in level and temporal dissemination of virus within tissues of older ducks, and the presence of the virus in brain and heart were observed, which coincided with the appearance of clinical signs preceding death in younger birds. Conclusions These results are consistent with reports of natural infections of wild waterfowl and poultry possibly indicating an age‐related association with dissemination and clinical outcome in ducks following infection with H5N1 HPAI virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The effect of age on the pathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentally

Löndt¹,

Núñez²,

Banks³

et al. 2009

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…These results also suggested that post-harvest rice paddy fields, which are equally attractive to wild birds and poultry, may have actedas a meeting point between the two. With laboratory studies indicating that domestic ducks may develop HPAI H5N1 virus sub-clinical infections (Hulse-Post et al, 2005), the frequent movements of duck flocks, brought together in night shelters which are often located within villages, and from where live birds and eggs enter the market chain, made healthy ducks important potential virus transmitters and amplifiers of infection (Songserm et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza, domestic ducks and rice agriculture in Thailand

Gilbert

Xiao

Chaitaweesub

et al. 2007

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

118

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by H5N1 viruses has become a global scale problem which first emerged in southern China and from there spread to other countries in Southeast and East Asia, where it was first confirmed in end 2003. In previous work, geospatial analyses demonstrated that free grazing ducks played critical role in the epidemiology of the disease in Thailand in the winter 2004/2005, both in terms of HPAI emergence and spread. This study explored the geographic association between free grazing duck census counts and current statistics on the spatial distribution of rice crops in Thailand, in particular the crop calendar of rice production. The analysis was carried out using both district level rice statistics and rice distribution data predicted with the aid of remote sensing, using a rice-detection algorithm. The results indicated a strong association between the number of free grazing ducks and the number of months during which second-crop rice harvest takes place, as well as with the rice crop intensity as predicted by remote sensing. These results confirmed that free grazing duck husbandry was strongly driven by agricultural land use and rice crop intensity, and that this later variable can be readily predicted using remote sensing. Analysis of rice cropping patterns may provide an indication of the location of populations of free grazing ducks in other countries with similar mixed duck and rice production systems and less detailed duck census data. Apart from free ranging ducks and rice cropping, the role of hydrology and seasonality of wetlands and water bodies in the HPAI risk analysis is also discussed in relation to the presumed dry season aggregation of wild waterfowl and aquatic poultry offering much scope for virus transmission.

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“…In this study, HP A/duck/Vietnam/40D/04 (H5N1) was used (Hulse-Post et al, 2005;Phuong et al, 2010). Virus stock was grown in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs at 37 C. The allantoic fluid was harvested, and aliquots were stored at 280 C until use.…”

Section: Viral Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of H5n1 Influenza Virus in Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus Ibis)

Phuong

Dũng

Jørgensen³

et al. 2011

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:In Vietnam, Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) are common in a variety of habitats, such as freshwater marshes, beaches, and paddy fields. They are also found associated with cattle (Bos spp.) and occasionally with pigs (Sus scrofa), goats (Capra hircus), and horses (Equus caballus) and are kept for insect control in households. In this study, six Cattle Egrets were experimentally infected intranasally with highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) A/duck/Vietnam/40D/04 (H5N1) to investigate a possible epidemiologic role for Cattle Egrets in outbreaks of H5N1 AI in Vietnam. The Cattle Egrets were highly susceptible to the infection and either died within a week or had to be euthanized. Five uninfected chickens housed with the inoculated Cattle Egrets from day 1 to day 8 postinfection showed no signs of disease or mortality. This observation was most probably due to the low-level virus shedding by the Cattle Egrets. We concluded that Cattle Egrets are not significant reservoir hosts for H5N1 AI virus.

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Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia

Cited by 431 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of age on the pathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentally

The effect of age on the pathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentally

Avian influenza, domestic ducks and rice agriculture in Thailand

Virulence of H5n1 Influenza Virus in Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus Ibis)

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