Role of estrogens in fish immunity with special emphasis on GPER1

Cabas, Isabel; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Mulero, Victoriano; García‐Ayala, Alfonsa

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.001

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…Fish, which are the most numerous and diverse group of vertebrates, due to the degree of similarity of endocrine systems functioning within this subtype to analogous systems in mammals, are significantly exposed to contamination of the environment with estrogens. In the case of fish, as in mammals, estrogens regulate behavior not only related to reproduction, but also to territorialism [32] or regulation of the immune response [33,34]. An additional risk for fish may be the process of accumulation and periodic release of estrogens to the waters from bottom sediments [14,35], as well as the phenomenon described in the literature as a mechanism "something out of nothing" resulting from the mutually reinforcing effect of estrogens and other chemical compounds present in the aquatic environment, often other chemical compounds, on the organisms of animals living in it [36].…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Estrogens Present in Environment on Health and Welfare of Animals

Wojnarowski

Podobiński

Cholewińska

et al. 2021

Animals

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Nowadays, there is a growing interest in environmental pollution; however, knowledge about this aspect is growing at an insufficient pace. There are many potential sources of environmental contamination, including sex hormones—especially estrogens. The analyzed literature shows that estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and synthetic ethinyloestradiol (EE2) are the most significant in terms of environmental impact. Potential sources of contamination are, among others, livestock farms, slaughterhouses, and large urban agglomerations. Estrogens occurring in the environment can negatively affect the organisms, such as animals, through phenomena such as feminization, dysregulation of natural processes related to reproduction, lowering the physiological condition of the organisms, disturbances in the regulation of both proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic processes, and even the occurrence of neoplastic processes thus drastically decreasing animal welfare. Unfortunately, the amount of research conducted on the negative consequences of their impact on animal organisms is many times smaller than that of humans, despite the great richness and diversity of the fauna. Therefore, there is a need for further research to help fill the gaps in our knowledge.

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Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Estrogens Present in Environment on Health and Welfare of Animals

Wojnarowski

Podobiński

Cholewińska

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…This duplication of the receptors promoted the diversification of signaling by estrogens that readily diffuse through cell membranes [ 65 , 66 , 67 ]. As mentioned above for zebrafish, the teleost lineage has at least three estrogen receptors, esr1 (α subtype), esr2b , and esr2a (β subtypes), which are the results of a whole genome duplication that occurred in the evolution of this lineage [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Interestingly, estrogen receptors in oviparous vertebrates bind E2 with an affinity similar to that reported in mammals [ 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Estrogen Receptors In Oviparous Vertebrates and Their Hepatic Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, estrogen receptors in oviparous vertebrates bind E2 with an affinity similar to that reported in mammals [ 71 , 72 ]. Some fish species, such as the rainbow trout, the Atlantic salmon, and the Pengze crucian carp, even present four isotypes, two α and two β isotypes [ 66 , 69 ]. Finally, in amphibians, two ( esr1 , esr2 ) or three (two esr1s , esr2 ) isotypes of estrogen receptor have been identified in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis , respectively [ 71 , 73 ].…”

Section: Estrogen Receptors In Oviparous Vertebrates and Their Hepatic Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the oviparous vertebrates and mammals have one copy of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor ( GPER1 ; gper in non-mammalian vertebrates) [ 66 , 93 ] with, so far, the exception of the European eel and the European sea bass, which have two genes coding for gper , gpera and gperb [ 74 , 94 ] ( Figure 2 ). Both the affinity for estrogens, evaluated by E2 binding, and the signaling mechanism of this membrane GPER1 / gper1 are well conserved between these distantly related vertebrates [ 69 , 95 ]. As seen above, the genomic regulatory mechanism consists of E2 binding the intracellular esr1 and esr2 to activate them to regulate gene transcription directly via EREs over hours or days.…”

Section: Estrogen Receptors In Oviparous Vertebrates and Their Hepatic Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Estrogens in the Healthy and Diseased Oviparous Vertebrate Liver

et al. 2021

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The liver is a vital organ that sustains multiple functions beneficial for the whole organism. It is sexually dimorphic, presenting sex-biased gene expression with implications for the phenotypic differences between males and females. Estrogens are involved in this sex dimorphism and their actions in the liver of several reptiles, fishes, amphibians, and birds are discussed. The liver participates in reproduction by producing vitellogenins (yolk proteins) and eggshell proteins under the control of estrogens that act via two types of receptors active either mainly in the cell nucleus (ESR) or the cell membrane (GPER1). Estrogens also control hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolisms, with a triglyceride carrier role for VLDL from the liver to the ovaries during oogenesis. Moreover, the activation of the vitellogenin genes is used as a robust biomarker for exposure to xenoestrogens. In the context of liver diseases, high plasma estrogen levels are observed in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in chicken implicating estrogens in the disease progression. Fishes are also used to investigate liver diseases, including models generated by mutation and transgenesis. In conclusion, studies on the roles of estrogens in the non-mammalian oviparous vertebrate liver have contributed enormously to unveil hormone-dependent physiological and physiopathological processes.

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“…Significantly more data regarding the expression and the role of GPER1 in neutrophils come from studies in fish. The research groups involved, however, have reported that in fish G1 has mostly anti-inflammatory effects, via changes in the expression profile of acidophilic granulocytes (the equivalent of human neutrophils) ( 13 , 37 , 38 ).…”

Section: Expression and Function Of Gper1 By Cells Of The Immune Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Immune Cells and Its Role in Immune-Related Diseases

2020

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G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), is a functional estrogen receptor involved in estrogen related actions on several systems including processes of the nervous, reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune system. Regarding the latter, GPER is expressed in peripheral B and T lymphocytes as well as in monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Several studies have implicated GPER in immune-mediated diseases like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and atherosclerosis-related inflammation, while a recent report suggests that its deletion could be responsible for a form of familial immunodeficiency. It has also been suggested that it is a key regulator of immune-mediated events in breast, pancreatic, prostate, and hepatocellular cancer as well as in melanoma. GPER has been also reported to interact with classic ER-alpha or its splice variants in order to modify immune functions. This review aims to present current knowledge relating GPER to immune functions, the cellular and signaling pathways involved, as well as the potential clinical implications of GPER modulation in immune-related diseases.

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Role of estrogens in fish immunity with special emphasis on GPER1

Cited by 23 publications

References 133 publications

Impact of Estrogens Present in Environment on Health and Welfare of Animals

Impact of Estrogens Present in Environment on Health and Welfare of Animals

Roles of Estrogens in the Healthy and Diseased Oviparous Vertebrate Liver

G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Immune Cells and Its Role in Immune-Related Diseases

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