Role of fat oxidation in the long-term stabilization of body weight in obese women

Schütz, Y.; Tremblay, Angelo; Weinsier, Roland L.; Nelson, Karl M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.3.670

Cited by 183 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…13 Baseline RQ (0.846 AE 0.048, min 0.743, max 0.960) was not related to age, weight BMI or BMR. Taking into account that fatness is usually considered as a determinant of macronutrient oxidation causing a RQ increase, 14 the lack of a relationship between RQ and BMI in this study might be due to the exclusion of obese women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fasting respiratory quotient as a predictor of weight changes in non-obese women

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE: To detect predictive variables of weight changes in non-obese women. DESIGN: Three year follow-up study. SUBJECTS: Fifty-eight women (age 40.0 AE 12.8 y, height 159 AE 7 cm, weight 62.5 AE 9.6 kg and body mass index ((BMI) 24.7 AE 3.7 kgam 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) by indirect calorimetry. Weight and BMI at baseline and after 3 y. RESULTS: In both univariate and multivariate analyses, age and RQ at baseline were signi®cant predictors (P`0.05) of subsequent changes in weight and BMI. CONCLUSION: In non-obese women, RQ and age are independent predictors of subsequent weight changes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fasting respiratory quotient as a predictor of weight changes in non-obese women

et al. 1998

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“…Indeed, it has been reported on numerous occasions that high-fat intake leads to positive energy balance which ultimately leads to enlarged body fat stores (Lissner et al, 1987;Dreon et al, 1988;Romieu et al, 1988;Tremblay et al, 1989). As suggested by Flatt (1991) and demonstrated by others (Schutz et al, 1992;Astrup et al, 1994), this fat gain promotes a reequilibration of energy intake to expenditure. It is also dif®cult to assess whether factors other than FA composition (ethnicity, social economic status, vegetarianism, etcF F F) are responsible for the observed trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Dietary fat composition and human adiposity

et al. 1998

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Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between dietary fat composition and adiposity in adult men. Subjects: A sample of 128 male subjects who participated in Phase 2 of the Que Âbec Family Study. Design: The association between adiposity and total dietary fat intake (TFI), saturated fat intake (SFA), monounsaturated fat intake (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fat intake (PUFA) was analyzed in the overall sample. A comparison of body fatness was also performed between consumers of high (4th quartile) and low amounts (1st quartile) of TFI, SFA, MUFA and PUFA. Results: Signi®cant positive correlations were found between the percentage of dietary energy as total fat and body fatness. Men in the upper quartile of TFI displayed signi®cantly more adiposity than those in the lower quartile. Signi®cant differences were also observed when quartiles were established using SFA and MUFA. However, higher intakes of PUFA had no statistical effects on adiposity. Conclusion: These results con®rm the notion that high fat diets might lead over time to excess body fat deposition. SFA and MUFA intake also seem to be predictors of actual adiposity markers while high PUFA intake seems to exert no effect on these markers. Sponsorship: This work forms part of a research program supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada (PG-11811). Descriptors: obesity; polyunsaturated fat; fatty acid composition; lipid intake; three-day dietary record.

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“…70 Several studies have shown that there are neuroendocrine adaptations to a positive energy balance. Indeed, an increase in plasma free-fatty acids, 73 fat oxidation, 74,75 sympathetic nervous system activity, 76,77 insulinemia at euglycemia 78 and leptinemia 79 are all adaptations that contribute to promote over time the re-equilibration of energy balance in the person who gains weight. Because obesity is the common component of these adaptive mechanisms, an increase in body fat appears as a necessary adaptation to recover body weight stability when one is exposed to a lifestyle favoring a positive energy balance.…”

Section: Short Sleep Duration: Association With Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The glucostatic theory of appetite control and the risk of obesity and diabetes

Chaput

Tremblay

2008

Int J Obes

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More than 50 years ago, Jean Mayer proposed that changes in blood glucose concentrations or arteriovenous glucose differences are detected by glucoreceptors that affect energy intake. According to this theory, an increase in blood glucose concentrations results in increased feelings of satiety whereas a drop in blood glucose concentrations has the opposite effect. The pioneering work of Mayer has recently received support from our group as low glycemia has been shown to be linked with body weight gain prospectively and has been considered as a strong predictor of the amount of weight regained after weight loss. This state of mild hypoglycemia also predicts the increase in depressive symptoms with weight loss and a greater propensity to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes, particularly for individuals having short sleep durations. Furthermore, knowledgebased work has been shown to induce a significant increase in spontaneous energy intake being related to changes in glycemic control. In accordance with the glucostatic theory, this oriented review suggests that factors favoring a trend toward hypoglycemia and/or glucose instability might induce excess energy intake, overweight and impaired glucose tolerance. Data also raise the possibility that fat gain might be protective against mild hypoglycemia by providing compensation to the stimuli promoted by a modern environment. Keywords: body weight; glycemia; glucose homeostasis; glucose intolerance; metabolism; weight gainThe identification of the biochemical basis for hunger and meal initiation, and of the signals controlling these neurobiological processes have been the subject of extensive research and debate for some decades regarding the control of food intake. These studies led to the classical lipostatic, 1 aminostatic, 2 and thermostatic 3 theories of food intake control as well as more recent hypotheses. [4][5][6] However, all of these theoretical ideas were preceded by the notion that glucose uptake and utilization played a central and metabolically privileged role in the control of hunger, satiety and the regulation of body energy balance. Although these notions were first discussed and suggested by Carlson in a classic text published in 1916, 7 they were formalized by Jean Mayer into the classical glucostatic theory in the mid 1950s. 8,9 The glucostatic theory of food intake control postulated that reduced glucose utilization in critical brain regions leads to perception and expression of hunger, and increased glucose utilization in these same glucosensitive sites leads to decreased hunger and cessation of eating. Mayer proposed that decreased glucose utilization or 'metabolic hypoglycemia', the point at which the peripheral arteriovenous difference in blood glucose becomes negligible and glucose is no longer entering 'metabolizing cells', was the signal for meal initiation. In his 1955 paper, Mayer explicitly argued that the glucostatic theory would account for the short-term control of hunger and food intake, whereas he invoked a lipostatic mechanism...

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Role of fat oxidation in the long-term stabilization of body weight in obese women

Cited by 183 publications

References 19 publications

Fasting respiratory quotient as a predictor of weight changes in non-obese women

Fasting respiratory quotient as a predictor of weight changes in non-obese women

Dietary fat composition and human adiposity

The glucostatic theory of appetite control and the risk of obesity and diabetes

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