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A set of direct and indirect factors that affect the changing trends of the main indicators of its functioning and determine the key vectors of state policy define the pace of the country’s economic development. At the present stage of economic development, along with the objective factors influencing the behavior of economic entities, of great importance are subjective, determined by age, psychological, religious, and other individual characteristics of the individual’s perception of economic and political processes in the country. One of the indirect factors of influence is tax morale, the low level of which determines the tendency of taxpayers to evade their tax obligations and negatively affects the level of international tax competitiveness of the country, the share of the shadow sector, the level of corruption. The purpose of the study is to find the nature of the tax morality impact on tax competitiveness indicators of the country. The methodological tools of the research include the analytical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, econometric analysis methods (Panel unit root test, Pedroni panel cointegration tests, Pearson’s correlation test, Greanger test, Panel Vector Error Correction Estimate model). The objects of the study are tax competitiveness indicators of the country and the level of tax morale of EU countries for the period 2010-2020. The information base of the study is the data of the World Value Survey and the International Social Science Panel. The results of the analysis showed a significant impact of tax morale on the resulting indicators. Decreasing the level of tax morale leads to an increase in the level of the shadow economy in the country and the volume of tax evasion. The results of the calculations can be useful for representatives of state institutions in the context of the policy of de-shadowing the economy, the fight against corruption, both through restrictive and stimulating tools to influence the behavior of economic entities.
A set of direct and indirect factors that affect the changing trends of the main indicators of its functioning and determine the key vectors of state policy define the pace of the country’s economic development. At the present stage of economic development, along with the objective factors influencing the behavior of economic entities, of great importance are subjective, determined by age, psychological, religious, and other individual characteristics of the individual’s perception of economic and political processes in the country. One of the indirect factors of influence is tax morale, the low level of which determines the tendency of taxpayers to evade their tax obligations and negatively affects the level of international tax competitiveness of the country, the share of the shadow sector, the level of corruption. The purpose of the study is to find the nature of the tax morality impact on tax competitiveness indicators of the country. The methodological tools of the research include the analytical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, econometric analysis methods (Panel unit root test, Pedroni panel cointegration tests, Pearson’s correlation test, Greanger test, Panel Vector Error Correction Estimate model). The objects of the study are tax competitiveness indicators of the country and the level of tax morale of EU countries for the period 2010-2020. The information base of the study is the data of the World Value Survey and the International Social Science Panel. The results of the analysis showed a significant impact of tax morale on the resulting indicators. Decreasing the level of tax morale leads to an increase in the level of the shadow economy in the country and the volume of tax evasion. The results of the calculations can be useful for representatives of state institutions in the context of the policy of de-shadowing the economy, the fight against corruption, both through restrictive and stimulating tools to influence the behavior of economic entities.
Nowadays, there are many preconditions and circumstances for conducting shadow schemes in the financial market. Therefore, the level of risk of participation of bank and non-bank financial intermediaries in such schemes is assessed as high. The lack of a practical methodology for assessing the development trajectory of financial intermediaries raises the question of the need for preventive control and quality modeling of their growth dynamics. The study aims to identify and formalize the patterns of development paths of banking and non-banking financial intermediaries based on the Harrington desirability function, which will be used to identify risk patterns as indicative patterns of financial intermediaries’ participation in shadow schemes. The sample includes 13 banking institutions, 3 credit unions, 3 pawnshops, 3 insurance companies, and 3 financial companies. The obtained results showed the relationship between the financial intermediary risk level in terms of its participation in shadow schemes and the phases of the economic cycle as a catalyst for the economic dynamics of the formal and informal economy. Thus, in 2012–2015, most financial intermediaries were in the zone of most significant risk, especially banks, characterized by economic, social, and political instability. Today, banks are in the group with a controlled level of risk of participation in scheme operations. Over the years analyzed, a stable neutral level of risk of participation in shadow schemes was inherent in most non-bank financial institutions. They were less sensitive than banks to the phases of the economic cycle. AcknowledgmentAlina Bukhtiarova and Yevgeniya Mordan gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0120U100473, 0121U100469).
The last decade has seen the rapid development of digital information technology, the intellectualization of control systems, the increase in the number and capacity of mobile and computer devices, and the accumulation of large amounts of data and its processing through machine learning algorithms, which inevitably leads to new opportunities for economic development. Rapid digitalization and its penetration into various spheres of public life contributed to increasing the level of transparency of public administration, strengthening public control, and reducing the bureaucratization of society. Hence, digital technologies can serve as tools to fight corruption and create conditions for intensive economic growth. Therefore, the topic based on the study of transmission effects in the chain "corruption-digitization-economic growth" is relevant. The work aims to develop methodological tools for assessing the transmission effects between digitalization, corruption level decrease, and economic growth. The following methods were used for the study: Levin-Lin-Chu, Hadri, Pesaran, and Chin tests, Dickey-Fuller tests - to check stationary variables; statistical criterion Kao - to check the existence of cointegration relationship between variables; modified least-squares method - to estimate regression coefficients based on panel data; coefficient of determination and Jarque-Bera test – to verify the adequacy of the econometric model. An empirical study confirmed the hypothesis of the presence of transmission effects between indicators that characterize the level of corruption in the economy, digitalization, and economic growth. It has been proven that the reduction of corruption and the growth of digitalization in studied countries contributes to economic growth.
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