Role of fire for Disease Control in Grass Seed Production

Hardison, John R.

doi:10.1094/pd-64-641

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Silvertop severity is known to vary with grass species, with both KBG and CRF considered to be very susceptible to the condition (Berkenkamp and Meeres 1975;Hardison 1980;Gagné and Gagnon 1984). To date little CBG has been grown on the Canadian prairies and this is the first report of silvertop levels relative to that of other grasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

Soroka¹,

Gossen²

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Soroka, J. J. and Gossen, B. D. 2005. Phytophagus arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 213-224. Silvertop, which is characterized by whitish, completely sterile seed heads produced on green tillers, is a common symptom in many perennial grasses. A 3-yr study of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) grown for seed production was conducted at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to investigate the cause(s) of silvertop, the impact of residue management strategies on silvertop incidence, and the impact of silvertop on seed yield. Three residue management practices were applied in the fall of the first harvest year and again the next fall, as follows: (i) burned after harvest; (ii) clipped to 1-2 cm in height and the residue removed; or (iii) mowed to 20 cm and the residue retained. Arthropods in each plot were collected weekly from May until July by sweep sampling, counted, and identified to family level or lower, and the incidence of seed heads with and without silvertop were assessed. The majority of arthropods were thrips, leafhoppers, plant bugs, mites, or grass-dwelling flies. Grass species and residue treatment strongly affected the number of reproductive tillers and levels of silvertop. Levels of silvertop were lowest in creeping bentgrass in all 3 yr of the study, while they were similar for Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue. Mown plots had fewer reproductive tillers, fewer heathy seed heads, and higher levels of silvertop than burned or clipped plots. However, arthropod species composition was generally similar across grass species and residue treatments. This indicates that a specific arthropod taxon may not be a critical factor in silvertop expression. The relationship between the number and composition of arthropods found and incidence of silvertop is discussed. 213-224. La coulure, qui se caractérise par la présence d'épis argentés aux graines stériles sur des talles verts, est un symptôme fréquent chez maintes graminées vivaces. Les auteurs ont entrepris une étude de trois ans sur l'agrostis stolonifère (Agrostis palustris), le pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis) et la fétuque rouge traçante (Festuca rubra sous-esp. rubra) cultivés pour la production grainière à Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) dans l'espoir d'élucider la ou les causes de la coulure, d'établir l'incidence des méthodes de gestion des résidus sur la concentration d'épis argentés et de préciser l'impact de la coulure sur le rendement grainier. À cette fin, ils ont appliqué trois méthodes de gestion des résidus à l'automne de la première année de récolte puis à l'automne suivant : (i) brûlis après récolte, (ii) fauchage à une hauteur de 1 à 2 cm et enlèvement des résidus ou (iii) tonte à 20 cm sans retrait des résidus. Les arthropodes peuplant les parcelles ont été recueillis chaque semaine de mai à juillet par balayage, comptés puis identifié jusqu'à la ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

Soroka¹,

Gossen²

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Postharvest open-field burning has played an important role in maximizing the production of grass seed throughout the Pacific North-west since the late 1940s (Hardison, 1980). As a standard practice, Kentucky bluegrass seed fields are harvested in July or early August and burned mid-August through September.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a standard practice, Kentucky bluegrass seed fields are harvested in July or early August and burned mid-August through September. Several theories, ranging from a decrease in pest populations to increased light penetration as a result of the removal of plant residue, have been proposed to account for the increased-yield response of bluegrass to field burning (Hardison, 1948(Hardison, , 1976(Hardison, , 1980Gray & Guthrie, 1977;Ensign et al, 1983), but the actual mechanism(s) for this response remains unknown. Wheat direct-drilled into stubble of the previous wheat crop also grows and yields better when residue is burned than when the stubble is left standing and not burned (Cook & Haglund, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of field burning and soil treatments on growth of wheat after Kentucky bluegrass, and effect of Rhizoctonia cerealis on bluegrass emergence and growth

1997

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Studies were conducted to assess the importance of soil-borne pathogens as impediments to the production of direct-drilled wheat following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation. Bluegrass sods were collected as cores from commercial seed fields in October (after open-field burning) and in December and March (after exposure to normal freezing and thawing), treated with glyphosate after a 2-to 3-week period of green-up in the glasshouse, and then planted to wheat 21 days later. Wheat seedlings in the 3-to 4-leaf stage were stunted and spindly in either burned or nonburned sods collected in October, but grew significantly better in burned than nonburned sods collected in December and March. Fumigation (methyl bromide), simulated tillage, and application of metalaxyl as a drench, singly or as combined treatments, improved the growth of wheat in nonburned sods. Growth of wheat in nontreated burned sods collected after frost had penetrated the upper portions was equivalent to that in fumigated sods. Experimental freezing at ¹20ЊC for up to 96 h, of burned and nonburned sods collected in October, followed by thawing also improved the growth of wheat subsequently sown directly into these sods. The stunted and spindly seedlings had roots girdled and severed by lesions typical of Rhizoctonia root rot. Isolates of Rhizoctonia cerealis were recovered from these roots and caused poor seedling emergence and stunted root and shoot growth of both wheat and bluegrass. The results suggest that both R. cerealis and Pythium spp. are potentially important soil-borne pathogens of wheat when following Kentucky bluegrass in rotation and that burning done routinely to improve the yield of bluegrass seed can also reduce the potential for damage caused by Rhizoctonia and Pythium root rots of wheat seeded directly into bluegrass sod.

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“…Also it is inexpensive and can be used as a core treatment in integrated pest management (Hardison, 1976). Burning has been a valuable control of diseases in grass seed production (Hardison, 1980) and has been useful in control of various diseases of forest trees, ornamentals and various crops (Hardison, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many disease control measures, including cultural practices and crop rotation, are impractical for perennial pastures. Chemical control is expensive while selection and breeding for resistance to diseases is usually long-term (Hardison, 1980). Hardison (1980) strongly recommended inexpensive above ground reduction of disease inoculum by burning as a viable alternative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of anthracnose in the tropical pasture legumeStylosanthes capitataby burning

Lenné

1982

Tropical Pest Management

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Role of fire for Disease Control in Grass Seed Production

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

Influence of field burning and soil treatments on growth of wheat after Kentucky bluegrass, and effect of Rhizoctonia cerealis on bluegrass emergence and growth

Control of anthracnose in the tropical pasture legumeStylosanthes capitataby burning

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