Role of gallium and silver from phosphate-based glasses on in vitro dual species oral biofilm models of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii

Effect of Gallium on Growth of <b><i>Streptococcus mutans</i></b> NCTC 10449 and Dental Tissues

“…Gallium, which was recently reported to have antibacterial activity on certain oral bacteria [Valappil et al, 2012], was evaluated for its effect on S. mutans growth. In order to assess the potential use of gallium as an anticaries agent, the effect it may have on dental tissues such as bovine dental enamel and dentine was also evaluated.…”

“…In order to assess the potential use of gallium as an anticaries agent, the effect it may have on dental tissues such as bovine dental enamel and dentine was also evaluated. The use of gallium as an antibacterial 143 agent has made significant progress recently by using the controlled ion release system, PBG [Valappil et al, 2008[Valappil et al, , 2009[Valappil et al, , 2012. The analyses of the PBG degradation data from these reports suggest the degradation rate of Ga-PBG, up to 48 h, was 14.50 μg · mm -2 · h -1 (with ion re lease rates of Ca = 0.40, Na = 1.13, P = 26.79 and Ga = 1.08 ppm · h -1 ) compared with C-PBG, which was 10.99 μg · mm -2 · h -1 (with ion release rates of Ca = 2.33, Na = 7.38 and P = 11.92 ppm · h -1 ).…”

“…Biofilms of S. mutans were grown on nitrocellulose filter membranes (NFM; 47 mm diameter, 0.45 μm pore size; Invitrogen Ltd, Paisley, UK) laid atop BHI agar plates. Growth of oral biofilms on NFM has successfully been evaluated in a recent in vitro study [Valappil et al, 2012]. Firstly, an NFM was placed onto the centre of each BHI plate, following which 100 μl of S. mutans suspended in PBS (approx.…”

“…All treated NFM biofilms were transferred to respective sterile containers with 20 ml PBS to disrupt the biofilm. Valappil et al, 2012]. The CDFF contained a stainless steel turntable and held up to 15 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pans; each PTFE pan held 5 PTFE plugs.…”

In vitro evaluation of surface roughness, adhesion of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and Streptococcus gordonii following root instrumentation with Gracey curettes and subsequent polishing with diamond-coated curettes

“…But in contrast to most studies, the rougher surface after the additional instrumentation with diamond-coated curettes did not increase the numbers of initially adhered streptococci; the counts were reduced in comparison to the instrumentation with Gracey curettes only. S. gordonii was selected; that species is used as an early colonizer of plaque in several biofilm models [27,28]. A study on titanium surfaces found generally more adhered S. sanguinis on rough (Ra between 0.68 and 0.73 μm) than on smooth surfaces (Ra between 0.20 and 0.38 μm); however, the analysis between the smooth surfaces did not reveal a difference [29].…”