Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation

Zhang, Shengsheng; Wang, Ruixin; Li, Danyan; Zhao, Luqing; Zhu, Lixin

doi:10.1093/gastro/goab035

Cited by 88 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…For example, when antibiotics deplete intestinal bacteria who are responsible for converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholate, lithocholate, ursodeoxycholate, hyodeoxycholate, and ω-muricholate, the resistance to Clostridium difficile decreases [ 23 ], resulting in pseudomembranous colitis and persistent diarrhoea that claim lives of tens of thousands of people in the US [ 24 , 25 ]. Likewise, it is now well-accepted that a dysbiosis of gut microbiome can affect not only inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), constipation, indigestion, and obesity but also the occurrence and prognosis of hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Hyperpermeable Intestine—leaky Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Park¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Cells

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The oral cavity is the gateway for microorganisms into your body where they disseminate not only to the directly connected respiratory and digestive tracts but also to the many remote organs. Oral microbiota, travelling to the end of the intestine and circulating in our bodies through blood vessels, not only affect a gut microbiome profile but also lead to many systemic diseases. By gathering information accumulated from the era of focal infection theory to the age of revolution in microbiome research, we propose a pivotal role of “leaky gum”, as an analogy of “leaky gut”, to underscore the importance of the oral cavity in systemic health. The oral cavity has unique structures, the gingival sulcus (GS) and the junctional epithelium (JE) below the GS, which are rarely found anywhere else in our body. The JE is attached to the tooth enamel and cementum by hemidesmosome (HD), which is structurally weaker than desmosome and is, thus, vulnerable to microbial infiltration. In the GS, microbial biofilms can build up for life, unlike the biofilms on the skin and intestinal mucosa that fall off by the natural process. Thus, we emphasize that the GS and the JE are the weakest leaky point for microbes to invade the human body, making the leaky gum just as important as, or even more important than, the leaky gut.

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Section: Hyperpermeable Intestine—leaky Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Park¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Cells

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show abstract

“…Severe constipation can cause gastrointestinal nerve dysfunction and even induce cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ( Nishitani-Yokoyama et al., 2021 ; Huang et al., 2022 ). A large number of studies have shown that probiotics can shorten gastric emptying time and intestinal transit time, enhance the peristaltic transmission function of the gastrointestinal tract, and help relieve constipation ( Zhang et al., 2021 ). We selected Bifidobacteria treated with different embedding methods to determine whether the embedding method affected the strains’ effectiveness in relieving constipation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium Treated by Electrostatic Spray Drying Relieved Constipation by Changing the Relative Abundance of Bacteria Associated With Gastrointestinal Regulatory Peptides

Jiang

Liu

Fang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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In this study, three different microencapsulation methods were used to embed Bifidobacterium to explore the alleviating effects of embedding methods on constipated mice. By measuring the defecation-related parameters, it was found that the Bifidobacteria treated by electrostatic spray drying had the best ability to relieved constipation. Furthermore, by detecting constipation-related gastrointestinal regulatory peptides, inflammatory factors, intestinal microbiota, and SCFAs, it was discovered that Bifidobacteria treated by electrostatic spray drying changed the composition of intestinal microbiota, especially the relative abundance of bacteria that were positively correlated with AQP3, but negatively correlated with ET-1 and SS, then increased the level of AQP3 in the intestine, and finally relieved constipation by increasing the fecal water content and small intestinal propulsion rate. In conclusion, the electrostatic spray drying method was superior to the other two methods in maintaining the activity of Bifidobacteria and relieved constipation by changing the relative abundance of bacteria that were correlated with gastrointestinal regulatory peptides and increasing the content of fecal water and small intestinal propulsion rate.

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“…For example, when antibiotics deplete intestinal bacteria who are responsible for converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholate, lithocholate, ursodeoxycholate, hyodeoxycholate, and ω-muricholate, the resistance to Clostridium difficile decreases [23], resulting in pseudomembranous colitis and persistent diarrhea that claim lives of tens of thousands of people in the US [24,25]. Likewise, it is now well-accepted that a dysbiosis of gut microbiome can affect not only inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), constipation, indigestion, and obesity, but also the occurrence and prognosis of hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Hyperpermeable Intestine -A Leaky Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Park¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The oral cavity is the gateway for microorganisms into your body where they disseminate not only to the directly connected respiratory and digestive tracts, but also to the many remote organs. Oral microbiota, traveling to the end of the intestine and circulating our body through blood vessels, not only affect a gut microbiome profile, but also many systemic diseases. By gathering information accumulated from the era of focal infection theory to the age of revolution in microbiome research, we propose a pivotal role of “leaky gum”, as an analogy of “leaky gut”, to underscore the importance of the oral cavity in systemic health. The oral cavity has unique structures, the gingival sulcus (GS) and the junctional epithelium (JE) below the GS, which are rarely found anywhere else in our body. The JE is attached to the tooth enamel and cementum by hemidesmosome (HD), which is structurally weaker than desmosome and is thus vulnerable to microbial infiltration. In the GS, microbial biofilms can build up for life, unlike the biofilms on the skin and intestinal mucosa that fall off by natural process. Thus, we emphasize that the GS and the JE are the weakest leaky point for microbes to invade human body, making the leaky gum just as important as, or even more important than, the leaky gut.

show abstract

Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation

Cited by 88 publications

References 104 publications

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Bifidobacterium Treated by Electrostatic Spray Drying Relieved Constipation by Changing the Relative Abundance of Bacteria Associated With Gastrointestinal Regulatory Peptides

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

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