Role of Hard-Acid/Hard-Base Interaction on Structural and Dielectric Behavior of Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Chitosan-XCF3SO3(X = Li+, Na+, Ag+)

Aziz, Shujahadeen B.; Abidin, Zamri Zainal

doi:10.1155/2014/906780

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is obvious that the peak of pure chitosan at 15.5 ∘ shifted to 12.6 ∘ in CS : LiTf systems. The effect of LiTf salt on crystal structure of chitosan can be seen elsewhere [20] in detail. Figure 2 shows several crystalline peaks at around 32 ∘ , 34.4 ∘ , 36 ∘ , 39 ∘ , 41 ∘ , 45.7 ∘ , 61 ∘ , and 67.1 ∘ for pure Al 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport: Reformulated Arrhenius Equation

Aziz

2016

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Solid and nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on chitosan have been prepared by solution cast technique. The XRD results reveal the occurrence of complexation between chitosan (CS) and the LiTf salt. The deconvolution of the diffractogram of nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes demonstrates the increase of amorphous domain with increasing alumina content up to 4 wt.%. Further incorporation of alumina nanoparticles (6 to 10 wt.% Al2O3) results in crystallinity increase (large crystallite size). The morphological (SEM and EDX) analysis well supported the XRD results. Similar trends of DC conductivity and dielectric constant with Al2O3concentration were explained. The TEM images were used to explain the phenomena of space charge and blocking effects. The reformulated Arrhenius equation (σ(ε′,T)=σoexp(-Ea/KBε′T)) was proposed from the smooth exponential behavior of DC conductivity versus dielectric constant at different temperatures. The more linear behavior of DC conductivity versus1000/(ɛ′×T)reveals the crucial role of dielectric constant in Arrhenius equation. The drawbacks of Arrhenius equation can be understood from the less linear behavior of DC conductivity versus1000/T. The relaxation processes have been interpreted in terms of Argand plots.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport: Reformulated Arrhenius Equation

Aziz

2016

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…The high DC conductivity of chitosan with Na + cation compared to other salts can be explained based on the theory of Hard-Soft-Acid-Base (HSAB) introduced by Ralph Pearson. According to this theory, the larger (e.g., Ag + or Na + ) and smaller (e.g., Li + ) cations are considered to be soft and hard, respectively [51]. A strong bond can be formed between a hard cation and a hard anion as well as a weak bond between a soft cation and a hard anion, resulting in a higher DC conductivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Salt Concentration (HSC) on Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Characteristics of Chitosan Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes

et al. 2017

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Chitosan (CS) films doped with sodium triflate (NaTf) were prepared by the solution cast technique. The structural and morphological behaviors of the samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The XRD patterns were deconvoluted to estimate the degree of crystallinity of the samples. The SEM micrograph showed the crystalline structure of the sample contained 50 wt % of NaTf salt. The disappearance of broad peaks of chitosan at 2θ ≈ 21 • and 2θ ≈ 32 • confirmed the occurrence of ion association at 50 wt % of NaTf salt. In impedance plots, a low frequency spike region and a high frequency semicircle, were distinguishable for low salt concentrations. The highest ambient temperature direct current (DC) electrical conductivity obtained for CS:NaTf was found to be 2.41 × 10 −4 S/cm for the sample containing 40 wt % of NaTf salt. The role of lattice energy of salts on DC ionic conductivity was also discussed. The temperature dependence of DC conductivity was found to follow the well-known Arrhenius relationship. From the alternating current (AC) conductivity spectra, three distinct regions were recognized for the samples with NaTf salt concentration ranging from 10 wt % to 30 wt %. The plateau region of AC spectra was used to estimate the DC conductivity.

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“…Figure 2a shows XRD patterns of free UEERO, CsNPs and UEER0-CsNPs. Free CsNPs exhibited a crystalline peak at 2ϴ = 9.08° and another amorphous peak at 2ϴ = 20.75° [51] The sharp peak showed a decrease in intensity in case of free CsNPs5 due to the semi-crystalline nature of the synthesized NPs at pH 5. Free UEERO showed a strong sharp peak at 2ϴ = 15.26° that is expected to be affected after interaction with CsNPs as a result of deformation of crystal structure and encapsulation inside the NPs.…”

Section: Characterization Of Csnps and Ueero-csnpsmentioning

confidence: 98%

In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Ethanolic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis and its Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Oocysts of Chickens

et al. 2022

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In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) were used as nanocarrier for ultrasonicated ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (UEERO) as a new nanoformulation against Eimeria tenella. Herein, CsNPs have been synthesized by ionic gelation method at pH 3 (CsNPs3) and pH 5 (CsNPs5), followed by characterization of morphology, size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, and loading efficiency of UEERO. An in vitro sporulation inhibition assay (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, 0.31, 0.15, 0.07, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 mg/ml normal saline solution) against E. tenella was conducted. Results showed that free CsNPs and UEERO-CsNPs3/5 were cubic- and spherical-shaped with positive charge and average size of ~ 150.8 nm (314.4 nm) and 151.7 nm (321.1 nm), respectively. The total loading efficiency using UV–vis spectrophotometer, was 80.05 at pH 5 and 64.39% at pH 3. The in vitro sporulation inhibition assay revealed that UEERO, CsNPs3/5, and UEERO-CsNPs3/5 showed a potential inhibitory effect on sporulation (%), distortion in wall (%), and sporocyst abnormality (%) in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, the concentration (10 mg/ml) showed the best efficacy after 24 h in UEERO, free CsNPs, and UEERO-CsNPs. Moreover, UEERO-CsNPs3 and UEERO-CsNPs5 had stopped the sporulation (%) after 72 h. Taken all together, UEERO-CsNPs3 and UEERO-CsNPs5 are best effective against E. tenella in a dose-dependent manner in terms of sporulation (%), distortion in wall (%), and sporocysts abnormality. Graphical abstract

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Role of Hard-Acid/Hard-Base Interaction on Structural and Dielectric Behavior of Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Chitosan-XCF₃SO₃(X = Li⁺, Na⁺, Ag⁺)

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Role of Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport: Reformulated Arrhenius Equation

Role of Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport: Reformulated Arrhenius Equation

Effect of High Salt Concentration (HSC) on Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Characteristics of Chitosan Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes

In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Ethanolic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis and its Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Oocysts of Chickens

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