Role of helmet in the mechanics of shock wave propagation under blast loading conditions

Ganpule, Shailesh; Gu, Linxia; Alai, Aaron; Chandra, Namas

doi:10.1080/10255842.2011.597353

Cited by 68 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In contrast, the peak reflected pressures in the back-on and side-on cases were located at the occipital bone (location R3, Λ = 2.0) and temporal bone (location R4, Λ = 2.1), respectively. This is expected since the curvature of the skull surface impacted by the wave front was positively correlated with the reflected pressure [16]. The reflected pressure exerted on the skull resulted in different ICP patterns within the brain under various head orientations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Primary blast waves induced brain dynamics influenced by head orientations

Hua

Wang

2017

Biomed. Eng. Lett.

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There is controversy regarding the directional dependence of head responses subjected to blast loading. The goal of this work is to characterize the role of head orientation in the mechanics of blast wave-head interactions as well as the load transmitting to the brain. A three-dimensional human head model with anatomical details was reconstructed from computed tomography images. Three different head orientations with respect to the oncoming blast wave, i.e., front-on with head facing blast, back-on with head facing away from blast, and side-on with right side exposed to blast, were considered. The reflected pressure at the blast wave-head interface positively correlated with the skull curvature. It is evidenced by the maximum reflected pressure occurring at the eye socket with the largest curvature on the skull. The reflected pressure pattern along with the local skull areas could further influence the intracranial pressure distributions within the brain. We did find out that the maximum coup pressure of 1.031 MPa in the side-on case as well as the maximum contrecoup pressure of -0.124 MPa in the backon case. Moreover, the maximum principal strain (MPS) was also monitored due to its indication to diffuse brain injury. It was observed that the peak MPS located in the frontal cortex region regardless of the head orientation. However, the local peak MPS within each individual function region of the brain depended on the head orientation. The detailed interactions between blast wave and head orientations provided insights for evaluating the brain dynamics, as well as biomechanical factors leading to traumatic brain injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Primary blast waves induced brain dynamics influenced by head orientations

Hua

Wang

2017

Biomed. Eng. Lett.

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“…Currently, publicly available models show an increasing sophistication in their anatomical detail and their correlation with available validation data. In the past five years, these same models were extended to study blast exposure [105,109,124,128,131,[134][135][136][138][139][140]143,144,157,[161][162][163][164]. In many cases, though, the absence of validation data remains a key concern and must be addressed with each model before the models can be meaningfully used to correlate blast exposure with specific injury risk.…”

Section: An Integrated Multiscale Approach For Understanding Traumatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species include rodents [109,128,135,138,140,143,144,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167], pigs [168][169][170][171][172][173], and sheep [174][175][176]. These experimental models offered a measure that human physical models and human surrogate tests often could not provide-an estimate of the injuries that occurred throughout the brain as a result of the mechanical loading.…”

Section: An Integrated Multiscale Approach For Understanding Traumatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of What We Know and What We Need to Know for Reducing Its Societal Burden

Meaney

Morrison

Bass

2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

211

126

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem, on pace to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. Moreover, emerging evidence linking repeated mild traumatic brain injury to long-term neurodegenerative disorders points out that TBI can be both an acute disorder and a chronic disease. We are at an important transition point in our understanding of TBI, as past work has generated significant advances in better protecting us against some forms of moderate and severe TBI. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how to study milder forms of injury, such as concussion, or new forms of TBI that can occur from primary blast loading. In this review, we highlight the major advances made in understanding the biomechanical basis of TBI. We point out opportunities to generate significant new advances in our understanding of TBI biomechanics, especially as it appears across the molecular, cellular, and whole organ scale.

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“…The model was first verified against the cadaveric impact experiment conducted by Nahum et al [18] and reasonable agreement has been achieved (Figure 2c). In addition, the modeling framework was also validated by our in-house experiments [5,12]. The verified model was then placed inside the shock tube (Eulerian domain) and subjected to the experimental measured blast loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consisted of 1,171,566 brick elements with appropriate mesh refinement near the region of the human head to capture the effect of fluidstructure interaction. The velocity, i.e., the time derivative of displacement, perpendicular to each face of the Eulerian domain was kept equal to zero to avoid escaping/leaking of air through these faces [12]. This would create a planar blast front traveling along the incident direction without lateral flow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%