Role of Hypothalamic Melanocortin System in Adaptation of Food Intake to Food Protein Increase in Mice

Pillot, Bruno; Duraffourd, Céline; Bégeot, Martine; Joly, Aurélie; Luquet, Serge; Houberdon, I.; Naville, Danielle; Vigier, Michèle; Gautier‐Stein, Amandine; Magnan, Christophe; Mithieux, Gilles

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019107

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…First, nutrient mixtures dominated by glucose could suppress the hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin system, which promotes reward seeking and food consumption, while nutrient mixtures dominated by amino acids would increase its activity [44]. Second, the decrease of food intake associated with protein-enriched diet could be counterbalanced by the hypothalamic melanocortin system to defend the body against weight variation [45]. Such mechanisms need to be further explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient Composition of the Diet and Prospective Weight Change in Participants of the EPIC-PANACEA Study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe effect of the macronutrient composition of the usual diet on long term weight maintenance remains controversial.Methods373,803 subjects aged 25–70 years were recruited in 10 European countries (1992–2000) in the PANACEA project of the EPIC cohort. Diet was assessed at baseline using country-specific validated questionnaires and weight and height were measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up in most centers. The association between weight change after 5 years of follow-up and the iso-energetic replacement of 5% of energy from one macronutrient by 5% of energy from another macronutrient was assessed using multivariate linear mixed-models. The risk of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate Poisson regressions stratified according to initial Body Mass Index.ResultsA higher proportion of energy from fat at the expense of carbohydrates was not significantly associated with weight change after 5 years. However, a higher proportion of energy from protein at the expense of fat was positively associated with weight gain. A higher proportion of energy from protein at the expense of carbohydrates was also positively associated with weight gain, especially when carbohydrates were rich in fibre. The association between percentage of energy from protein and weight change was slightly stronger in overweight participants, former smokers, participants ≥60 years old, participants underreporting their energy intake and participants with a prudent dietary pattern. Compared to diets with no more than 14% of energy from protein, diets with more than 22% of energy from protein were associated with a 23–24% higher risk of becoming overweight or obese in normal weight and overweight subjects at baseline.ConclusionOur results show that participants consuming an amount of protein above the protein intake recommended by the American Diabetes Association may experience a higher risk of becoming overweight or obese during adult life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient Composition of the Diet and Prospective Weight Change in Participants of the EPIC-PANACEA Study

et al. 2013

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“…Although the role of the melanocortin system in the adaptation of food intake in response to variations in nutritional conditions has been already proposed (Butler et al, 2001;Pillot et al, 2011), synaptic reorganization on arcuate POMC neurons now has to be considered a key component in the physiological feedback. Nevertheless, we cannot exclude either a synergic effect due to mirror synaptic rewiring of orexigenic cells, NPY/AgRP neurons for instance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Intake Adaptation to Dietary Fat Involves PSA-Dependent Rewiring of the Arcuate Melanocortin System in Mice

et al. 2012

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Hormones such as leptin and ghrelin can rapidly rewire hypothalamic feeding circuits when injected into rodent brains. These experimental manipulations suggest that the hypothalamus might reorganize continually in adulthood to integrate the metabolic status of the whole body. In this study, we examined whether hypothalamic plasticity occurs in naive animals according to their nutritional conditions. For this purpose, we fed mice with a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) and assessed brain remodeling through its molecular and functional signature. We found that HFD for 3 d rewired the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, increasing the anorexigenic tone due to activated pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. We identified the polysialic acid molecule (PSA) as a mediator of the diet-induced rewiring of arcuate POMC. Moreover, local pharmacological inhibition and genetic disruption of the PSA signaling limits the behavioral and metabolic adaptation to HFD, as treated mice failed to normalize energy intake and showed increased body weight gain after the HFD challenge. Altogether, these findings reveal the existence of physiological hypothalamic rewiring involved in the homeostatic response to dietary fat. Furthermore, defects in the hypothalamic plasticitydriven adaptive response to HFD are obesogenic and could be involved in the development of metabolic diseases.

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“…Likewise, little is known about the neurocircuits involved in the hypophagic response to HP diets. Expression of Pomc -, Npy -, and Agrp -feeding neuropeptides is altered in response to a HP diet in rats (89), but these findings have been recently challenged (124), leaving open the contribution of melanocortinergic feeding circuits in the hypophagic response to increased dietary protein intake.…”

Section: Diets With Varying Protein Content: the Protein Leverage Hypmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Amino Acid Sensing in the Control of Feeding Behavior

Heeley

Blouet

2016

Front. Endocrinol.

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Dietary protein quantity and quality greatly impact metabolic health via evolutionary-conserved mechanisms that ensure avoidance of amino acid imbalanced food sources, promote hyperphagia when dietary protein density is low, and conversely produce satiety when dietary protein density is high. Growing evidence supports the emerging concept of protein homeostasis in mammals, where protein intake is maintained within a tight range independently of energy intake to reach a target protein intake. The behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying these adaptations are unclear. While peripheral factors are able to signal amino acid deficiency and abundance to the brain, the brain itself is exposed to and can detect changes in amino acid concentrations, and subsequently engages acute and chronic responses modulating feeding behavior and food preferences. In this review, we will examine the literature describing the mechanisms by which the brain senses changes in amino acids concentrations, and how these changes modulate feeding behavior.

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Role of Hypothalamic Melanocortin System in Adaptation of Food Intake to Food Protein Increase in Mice

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Macronutrient Composition of the Diet and Prospective Weight Change in Participants of the EPIC-PANACEA Study

Macronutrient Composition of the Diet and Prospective Weight Change in Participants of the EPIC-PANACEA Study

Food Intake Adaptation to Dietary Fat Involves PSA-Dependent Rewiring of the Arcuate Melanocortin System in Mice

Central Amino Acid Sensing in the Control of Feeding Behavior

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