Role of immune system in tumor progression and carcinogenesis

Upadhyay, Shishir; Sharma, Nidhi; Gupta, Kunj Bihari; Dhiman, Monisha

doi:10.1002/jcb.26663

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(296 reference statements)

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“…Activation of immune system has been widely proven to be a decisive factor during tumorigenesis and metastasis [28][29][30]. With the development of tumor immunotherapy in recent years, the function of the immune system in the cancer growth and metastasis has been addressed, in which immune cells inhibit or promote malignant cells by up-or down-regulating expression of IRGs [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of a Predictive Immune-Related Genes Signature for the Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Immune-related genes (IRGs) play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, immune signatures have rarely been used to predict prognosis of CCA. The aim of this study was to construct a novel model for CCA to predict survival based on IRGs expression data. Methods: The gene expression profiles and clinical data of CCA patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were integrated to establish and validate prognostic IRG signatures. Differentially expressed immune-related genes were screened. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to identify prognostic IRGs, and the risk model that predicts outcomes was constructed. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curve were plotted to examine predictive accuracy of the model, and a nomogram was constructed based on IRGs signature, combining with other clinical characteristics. Finally, CIBERSORT was used to analyze the association of immune cells infiltration with risk score. Results: We identified that 223 IRGs were signiﬁcantly dysregulated in patients with CCA, among which five IRGs (AVPR1B, CST4, TDGF1, RAET1E and IL9R) were identified as robust indicators for overall survival (OS), and a prognostic model was built based on the IRGs signature. Meanwhile, patients with high risk had worse OS in training and validation cohort, and the area under the ROC was 0.898 and 0.846, respectively. Nomogram demonstrated that immune risk score contributed much more points than other clinicopathological variables, with a C-index of 0.819 (95% CI, 0.727-0.911). Finally, we found that IRGs signature was positively correlated with the proportion of CD8+ T cells, neurophils and T gamma delta, while negatively with that of CD4+ memory resting T cells. Conclusions: We established and validated an effective five IRGs-based prediction model for CCA, which could accurately classify patients into groups with low and high risk of poor prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of a Predictive Immune-Related Genes Signature for the Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Interactions within the TME contribute to cancer initiation (carcinogenesis), progression, and metastasis. After a tumor escapes immune recognition, the TME affects immune cell behavior and the two play a synergistic role in tumor progression . Organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms can be useful in the development of immuno‐oncology models.…”

Section: Applications Of Cancer‐on‐a‐chip Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Modeling‐on‐a‐Chip with Future Artificial Intelligence Integration

Fetah

DiPardo

Kongadzem

et al. 2019

Small

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite the large efforts to improve the understanding of cancer biology and development of treatments. The attempts to improve cancer treatment are limited by the complexity of the local milieu in which cancer cells exist. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a diverse population of tumor cells and stromal cells with immune constituents, microvasculature, extracellular matrix components, and gradients of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. The TME is not recapitulated in traditional models used in cancer investigation, limiting the translation of preliminary findings to clinical practice. Advances in 3D cell culture, tissue engineering, and microfluidics have led to the development of “cancer‐on‐a‐chip” platforms that expand the ability to model the TME in vitro and allow for high‐throughput analysis. The advances in the development of cancer‐on‐a‐chip platforms, implications for drug development, challenges to leveraging this technology for improved cancer treatment, and future integration with artificial intelligence for improved predictive drug screening models are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early stages of tumor development, the different immune cell populations, such as macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and lymphocytes, intervene promptly with anti-tumor responses aimed at erasing the cancer cells [ 14 ]. Of note, in this context, it is conceivable that some neoplastic cell variants can acquire a less immunogenic phenotype thus escaping to immune detection [ 14 ]. Consequently, such immune-resistant selected clones start to release massively a plethora of chemotactic factors leading to the recruitment of immune cells within the neoplastic environment [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adenosine System at the Crossroads of Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia

D’Antongiovanni

Fornai

Pellegrini

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, resulting from the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Under adverse conditions, including hypoxia, ischemia, inflammation, or cancer, the extracellular levels of adenosine increase significantly. Once released, adenosine activates cellular signaling pathways through the engagement of the four known G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine A1 receptor subtype (A1), A2A, A2B, and A3. These receptors, expressed virtually on all immune cells, mitigate all aspects of immune/inflammatory responses. These immunosuppressive effects contribute to blunt the exuberant inflammatory responses, shielding cells, and tissues from an excessive immune response and immune-mediated damage. However, a prolonged persistence of increased adenosine concentrations can be deleterious, participating in the creation of an immunosuppressed niche, ideal for neoplasia onset and development. Based on this evidence, the present review has been conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the involvement of adenosine system in shaping the molecular mechanisms underlying the enteric chronic inflammation and in promoting the generation of an immunosuppressive niche useful for the colorectal tumorigenesis.

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Role of immune system in tumor progression and carcinogenesis

Cited by 54 publications

References 155 publications

Identification and Validation of a Predictive Immune-Related Genes Signature for the Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma

Identification and Validation of a Predictive Immune-Related Genes Signature for the Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cancer Modeling‐on‐a‐Chip with Future Artificial Intelligence Integration

The Adenosine System at the Crossroads of Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia

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