Role of Indium Alloying with Lead as a Means to Reduce the Passivation Phenomena in Lead/Acid Batteries

El-Sayed, Abdel-Rahman; Mohran, Hossnia S.; Shilkamy, Hoda Abdel Shafy

doi:10.1155/2014/932654

“…In the anodic branch of the etched electrode, E-03, the presence of a shoulder suggests the presence of a second anodic process, probably due to different regrowth of the oxide film after the HF treatment in the titanium surface layer [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Precursors on the Electrochemical Properties of Mixed RuOx/MnOx Electrodes Prepared by Thermal Decomposition

Petrucci

¹

,

Porcelli

²

,

Orsini

³

et al. 2022

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Growing thin layers of mixed-metal oxides on titanium supports allows for the preparation of versatile electrodes that can be used in many applications. In this work, electrodes coated with thin films of ruthenium (RuOx) and manganese oxide (MnOx) were fabricated via thermal decomposition of a precursor solution deposited on a titanium substrate by spin coating. In particular, we combined different Ru and Mn precursors, either organic or inorganic, and investigated their influence on the morphology and electrochemical properties of the materials. The tested salts were: Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate (Ru(acac)3), Ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl3·xH2O), Manganese(II) nitrate (Mn(NO3)2·4H2O), and Manganese(III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3). After fabrication, the films were subjected to different characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarization analysis, open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) experiments. The results indicate that compared to the others, the combination of RuCl3 and Mn(acac) produces fewer compact films, which are more susceptible to corrosion, but have outstanding capacitive properties. In particular, this sample exhibits a capacitance of 8.3 mF cm−2 and a coulombic efficiency of higher than 90% in the entire range of investigated current densities.

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“…For the AT-3 (5.3% Ti) alloy, the IE % of the tested at all the analyzed inhibitor concentrations is smaller than the equivalent value for Al and the other alloys (AT-1, AT-2, and AT-4). This effect could be explained by inhibitor molecules adsorbing is less on the mentioned alloy surface, owing to blocking active sites 40 (see Table 2). At higher Ti content (5.3%) in AT-3, a relative drop in IE% value is found compared to pure Al and other alloys at various inhibitor concentrations.…”

Section: Electrochemical Behavior Of Al and Al-ti Alloys In The Absen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The inhibitive action of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on the porosity of corrosion film formed on aluminum and aluminum–titanium alloys in hydrochloric acid solution

El-Sayed

¹

,

El‐Hendawy

²

,

El-Mahdy

³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Abstract2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) in a solution of 0.5 M HCl is an effective corrosion inhibitor for aluminum and aluminum–titanium alloys. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to assess this heterocyclic compound’s anticorrosive potential and complementary by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and calculating porosity percentage in the absence and presence of various inhibitor concentrations. Inhibition efficiency (IE%) was strongly related to concentration (10–6–10–3 M). Temperature’s effect on corrosion behavior was investigated. The data exhibited that the IE% decreases as the temperature increases. An increase in activation energy (Ea) with increasing the inhibitor concentration and the decrease in the IE% value of the mentioned compound with raising the temperature indicates that the inhibitor molecules are adsorbed physically on the surface. Thermodynamic activation parameters for Al and Al–Ti alloy dissolution in both 0.5 M HCl and the inhibited solution were calculated and discussed. According to Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm, the inhibitor molecules were adsorbed. The evaluated standard values of the enthalpy ($$\Delta {H}_{ads.}^{o})$$ Δ H a d s . o ) , entropy ($$\Delta {S}_{ads.}^{o})$$ Δ S a d s . o ) and free energy changes ($$\Delta {G}_{ads.}^{o})$$ Δ G a d s . o ) showed that $$\Delta {H}_{ads.}^{o}$$ Δ H a d s . o and $$\Delta {G}_{ads.}^{o}$$ Δ G a d s . o are negative, while $$\Delta {S}_{ads.}^{o}$$ Δ S a d s . o was positive. The formation of a protective layer adsorbed on the surfaces of the substrates was confirmed with the surface analysis (SEM). The porosity percentage is significantly reduced in the inhibitor presence and gradually decreased with increasing concentration. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were employed to explain the variance in protecting the Al surface from corrosion. Interestingly, the theoretical findings align with their experimental counterparts. The planarity of 2-MBT and the presence of heteroatoms are the playmakers in the adsorption process.

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“…This behavior may be attributed to the less adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the alloy surface to block the active sites. It is assumed that the presence of indium as a minor alloying element decreases the active sites density at the surface [29]. Therefore, lower adsorbability of the inhibitor molecules occurs.…”

Section: The Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition Performance Of Pb Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion inhibition and adsorption behavior of phytic acid on Pb and Pb–In alloy surfaces in acidic chloride solution

El‐Lateef

¹

,

El-Sayed

²

,

Mohran

³

et al. 2019

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The corrosion and corrosion inhibition of Pb and Pb-In alloys in HCl solution, were investigated. The study was performed in the absence and presence of the phytic acid (PA) inhibitor using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, and complementary by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX) investigations. The obtained outcomes showed that the PA is efficient corrosion inhibitor for Pb and Pb-In alloys in HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency (η %) for Pb and its investigated alloys increases with an increase in the concentration of PA and decreases with increasing temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency (≈ 80%) was obtained at 1 × 10 −3 M of the PA inhibitor. Langmuir adsorption isotherm fits well the experimental data. SEM/EDX observations of the electrode surface confirmed the existence of an adsorbed film. One can conclude that the increase in activation energy with increasing additive concentration, in addition to the decrease in η % in the presence of inhibitor with temperature, is suggestive of physical adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the surface of Pb and Pb-0.5In alloy.

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Role of Indium Alloying with Lead as a Means to Reduce the Passivation Phenomena in Lead/Acid Batteries

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Precursors on the Electrochemical Properties of Mixed RuOx/MnOx Electrodes Prepared by Thermal Decomposition

Effect of Precursors on the Electrochemical Properties of Mixed RuOx/MnOx Electrodes Prepared by Thermal Decomposition

The inhibitive action of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on the porosity of corrosion film formed on aluminum and aluminum–titanium alloys in hydrochloric acid solution

Corrosion inhibition and adsorption behavior of phytic acid on Pb and Pb–In alloy surfaces in acidic chloride solution

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