Role of Lignin in Wheat Plant for the Enhancement of Resistance against Lodging and Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Abstract

Lignification is a vital function in plants for improving tolerance against stressors. This article presents studies conducted on the relationship of wheat straw lignin with enhanced plant adaptation against lodging and stressors. Herein, we provide a thorough discussion of the chemical structure and lignin composition of straw and its alteration and uses. Lignin plays a critical role in withstanding harsh environments (biotic and abiotic). Resistance to accommodation in wheat also plays a critical role. Lignin can also produce several products, e.g., costly petroleum-based materials and other vital products, such as resins and composites, and new materials, such as biofuels and chemicals. In this study, wheat straw lignification analysis highlighted that lignin formation regulates cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis. In addition, the analysis showed considerable encouragement of lignin growth inside wheat straw and the formation of lignin interfaces, as for cellulose and hemicellulose. Wheat straw lignin is an important source of many essential bioactive moieties, particularly lignocelluloses, straw-based biofuels, and various chemicals. We also explored the molecular tools that influence lignin formation in wheat and the significant strides taken in broadening our understanding of nanotechnology tools. This knowledge could assist in the development of advanced wheat cultivars, increase lignin content, and strengthen feedstock efficiency, reducing the impact of other lignin-associated agronomic gains.

The Cell Wall-Related Gene Families of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

“…Dicot PAL genes use only phenylalanine as a substrate, but some grass PAL genes can use phenylalanine or tyrosine as a substrate. This may have led to multiple function and expression changes over time, explaining the large PP gene expansion, potentially expressing subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization [72,98,99]. Peroxidases were hypothesized to have increased numbers in plants to maintain a diverse set of promoters for different tissues and timing of expression and protein distribution associated with large and diverse projected activities in the plant, which could be neofunctionalization and/or expression subfunctionalization [94].…”

The Contribution of Hormonal Changes to the Protective Effect of Endophytic Bacterium Bacillus subtilis on Two Wheat Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Sensitivities under Osmotic Stress

“…Lignin deposition is a crucial mechanism for enhancing the drought resistance of plants [14,69,70]. A well-known player in the stress-induced accumulation of lignin in plants is hormone ABA [13,14].…”

Квантово-Хімічне Обґрунтування Іч Абсорбційних Характеристик Деяких Структурних Фрагментів Макромолекул Лігніну

“…Лігнін є добре відомим аморфним біополімером, який забезпечує високий рівень механічної міцності клітинних стінок рослин та захищає від гниття або інвазії шкідників і патогенів [1][2][3]. Як правило, деревина складається з ~25 % лігніну, іноді його вміст коливається у межах від 15 до 40 % для різних видів, та може збільшуватися у процесі зберігання біомаси, переважно через розпад легкодоступної фракції вуглеводів [4; 5].…”