Role of Livestock in Food Security: An Ascertainment from Punjab Pakistan

Mahmood, Hafiz Zahid; Hussain, Ijaz; Iftikhar, Sadaf; Khan, Muhammad; Nisa, Fakh Run

doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v4-i8/1121

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In recent years, FMD control has been particularly focused on Punjab province, the most populous province in Pakistan for both people and livestock, with relatively developed agricultural systems (11). In February 2020, a workshop in Pakistan, facilitated by the authors of this study and supported by FAO, indicated considerable interest in the creation of an export zone in Bahawalpur Division.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Economic Considerations for Advancement Through the Progressive Control Pathway: Cost–Benefit Analysis of an FMD Disease-Free Zone in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Lyons

Afzal²,

Toirov³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a priority disease of livestock in Pakistan, which was classified in stage 2 of the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP-FMD) in 2015, aiming to reduce disease impact. Further progression requires efforts to reduce viral circulation that may ultimately result in being awarded official disease-free status by the World Organisation for Animal Health [Office International des Epizooties (OIE)]. Typically, FMD control is reliant on the extensive use of vaccines, requiring careful consideration of the costs and benefits to ensure investment is likely to provide a positive return. This study conducted a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) for a proposed zone within Punjab Province, Pakistan. Benefits were assumed to come from averted production losses and treatment costs and the costs based on typical measures required for establishing a disease-free zone. To estimate the impact of FMD at the farm level, models were created to estimate effects on milk production, offtakes, and changes in herd value over a 5-year period with different parameters used to represent the production systems present. Control strategy costs incorporated aspects of vaccination, surveillance, sanitary measures, program management, stakeholder engagement, preparatory studies, training, and capacity building. The results indicated a median benefit–cost ratio of 1.03 (90% central range 0.37, 1.63) with a median net present value of 1.99 billion Pakistan Rupees (90% central range −37.7, 37.0). The greatest cost was due to vaccination at 56%, followed by sanitary measures (including implementing and maintaining an animal ID system and quarantine stations around the zone) at 41%. Although the median benefit–cost ratio and net present value indicated that investment is likely to generate a positive return, the large variation indicates caution in interpreting the results and it is possible that an increase in animal value through new export markets will be required. Further refinement in our knowledge of disease impact and the details of the control strategy are needed. Moreover, there are implications regarding vaccine security, since the strategy is reliant on the steady provision of quality vaccines in order to achieve the anticipated benefits, raising important issues on vaccine availability for countries to maintain lucrative export markets for FMD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Economic Considerations for Advancement Through the Progressive Control Pathway: Cost–Benefit Analysis of an FMD Disease-Free Zone in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Lyons

Afzal²,

Toirov³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Livestock farming and its industry represents an important and key component of the agricultural economy especially among least developed and developing countries. Livestock farming contributes beyond direct food production which shares multipurpose provisions which include animal skins, fiber, fertilizers and fuels, and also capital accretion ( Mahmood et al, 2014 ). In addition, livestock farming is are intimately associated with the social and cultural values of millions of resource-poor communities where livestock possession assures sustainable agricultural farming and economic stability.…”

Section: Flaws Gaps and Limitations In Climate Change And Food Securi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the Research Gaps to Alleviate the Negative Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security: A Review

Uzair²,

et al. 2022

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Climatic variability has been acquiring an extensive consideration due to its widespread ability to impact food production and livelihoods. Climate change has the potential to intersperse global approaches in alleviating hunger and undernutrition. It is hypothesized that climate shifts bring substantial negative impacts on food production systems, thereby intimidating food security. Vast developments have been made addressing the global climate change, undernourishment, and hunger for the last few decades, partly due to the increase in food productivity through augmented agricultural managements. However, the growing population has increased the demand for food, putting pressure on food systems. Moreover, the potential climate change impacts are still unclear more obviously at the regional scales. Climate change is expected to boost food insecurity challenges in areas already vulnerable to climate change. Human-induced climate change is expected to impact food quality, quantity, and potentiality to dispense it equitably. Global capabilities to ascertain the food security and nutritional reasonableness facing expeditious shifts in biophysical conditions are likely to be the main factors determining the level of global disease incidence. It can be apprehended that all food security components (mainly food access and utilization) likely be under indirect effect via pledged impacts on ménage, incomes, and damages to health. The corroboration supports the dire need for huge focused investments in mitigation and adaptation measures to have sustainable, climate-smart, eco-friendly, and climate stress resilient food production systems. In this paper, we discussed the foremost pathways of how climate change impacts our food production systems as well as the social, and economic factors that in the mastery of unbiased food distribution. Likewise, we analyze the research gaps and biases about climate change and food security. Climate change is often responsible for food insecurity issues, not focusing on the fact that food production systems have magnified the climate change process. Provided the critical threats to food security, the focus needs to be shifted to an implementation oriented-agenda to potentially cope with current challenges. Therefore, this review seeks to have a more unprejudiced view and thus interpret the fusion association between climate change and food security by imperatively scrutinizing all factors.

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“…Contribution of livestock products to the food security of rural and urban people is significant in south Asian countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and China. Moreover, Balehegn et al (2020) mentioned that livestock sector in India is supplying nutritional security to the fast-growing population and Mahmood et al (2014) stated the positive relationship between the milk and animal per person, work animal per hectare and food safety in Pakistan. Similarly, the possible influence of livestock possession on food security of individual households in Pakistan was calculated using the propensity score matching approach by Ali and Khan (2013) and results indicated that level of food security was higher for the households having livestock as compared to households having no livestock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasts About Livestock Production in Punjab-Pakistan: Implications for Food Security and Climate Change

2022

THE JAPS

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This study is aimed at estimating the role of livestock sector in food security by considering the past trends and future forecasts in livestock population, situation of feed & fodder availability and potential adaptation/mitigation strategies in the epoch of climate change. In this regard, secondary data was collected from World Bank, FAO, Ministry of Finance Pakistan and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and was analyzed using semi-log model, automatic ARIMA, and Lorenz curve methodology. The results of this study forecasted the increase in the population of cattle, buffalo, goat and camel in near future while forecast about population of sheep shows decrease in its population in coming years. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient revealed relatively equal distribution in the number of cattle and buffalo among herds than that of sheep and goat. The total area under fodder production' and 'fodder productivity' have a declining trend. The linkages among livestock production index, GNI per capita and consumption expenditure elaborate that the livestock is playing a major role in food security of Pakistan and other neighboring countries (China, India and Bangladesh). Analyzing various adaptation and mitigation strategies in the context of Pakistan revealed that in the era of climate change and food insecurity, this sector could help by wisely adopting cost-effective adaptation/mitigation strategies like educating farmers about managing and altering feed production and consumption techniques. Therefore, maintaining a consistent policy to focus livestock economy on the wake of increasing food security concerns and climate change, a holistic approach is required to make decisions for the uplift of the rural economy in the country.

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Role of Livestock in Food Security: An Ascertainment from Punjab Pakistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Economic Considerations for Advancement Through the Progressive Control Pathway: Cost–Benefit Analysis of an FMD Disease-Free Zone in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Economic Considerations for Advancement Through the Progressive Control Pathway: Cost–Benefit Analysis of an FMD Disease-Free Zone in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Uncovering the Research Gaps to Alleviate the Negative Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security: A Review

Forecasts About Livestock Production in Punjab-Pakistan: Implications for Food Security and Climate Change

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