Role of Microbes in Human Health

Abstract

A variety of microbes exists throughout the human body and have fundamental role in human health. Studies have revealed that human microbiome of every healthy individual differs remarkably in the matter of different varieties of microbes. In the body, these microbes are present in different parts such as skin, nasal cavity, oral cavity, gut and vagina and therefore stay in different habitats. Some microbes that colonize humans are commensal, whereas others have a mutualistic relationship with the host. These interactions are important for human to grow and stay healthy. This mini-review describes about the microbes present in different human habitats and their roles in keeping the person healthy.

The Role of Leather Microbes in Human Health

“…One such type of bacteria that is known to protect the skin is Bacillus subtilis. It produces bacitracin on the skin surface, a toxin that helps it in fighting with other intruding microbes [1,2]. These skin microflora may also have a role in educating billions of T cells, making them ready to respond to similarly marked pathogen [3].…”

“…These observations according to the writer were linked to IL-1 signalling, as germ-free mice showed significant decreases in cutaneous IL-1α production. The evidence adduced here suggests that communication between commensal microbes and skin-resident cells is important for proper tuning of the local inflammatory milieu [1,2,30]. The potential impacts of commensal microbiota from leather on the response and development of an effective immune environment on the human skin are still unclear and therefore require further studies.…”

“…Skin is the largest organ in the animal's body and acts as the entry point of microbes from the outside world [1,2]. The diverse population of microbes found in human and animal resides on the skin.…”

“…Microbe colonisation of the skin is normally variable and relies on endogenous host factors, topographical location and exogenous environmental factors [3]. Over a long period of time, microbes, humans and other animals have established complex relationships with each other [2]. For example, to remain healthy, humans and other animals require microbes and many microbes also require specific environments provided by the human and the animal's bodies to sustain their lives.…”

“…Diverse species of microbes reside in different places in and on human and other animals and they are adapted to those conditions and places. Human, animals and their microbial flora form a complex ecosystem whose equilibrium acts as a reliable adaptation system [2]. In realisation of this important complex relationship, the United States government in 2008 launched the human microbiome project.…”