Role of Microplastics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps

Taş, Burak Mustafa; Tuna, Ayşegül; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Koçak, Furkan Melih; Şencan, Ziya; Cömert, Ela; Muluk, Nuray Bayar

doi:10.1002/lary.30926

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Considerable speculation surrounds the potential health impacts of MP inhalation by the general public ( 21 , 158 – 160 ), with limited compelling in vivo data from human studies and animal models. However, an emerging theme from such studies, including the current report, is that MPs can dysregulate and/or promote inflammatory processes in specific disease settings ( 15 , 45 , 161 – 164 ). Future animal research in this area would benefit from use of realistic MP doses; although we need (i) better insights into what such doses actually are in different human populations, and (ii) adoption of standard units for MP exposure ( 165 ) (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Microplastics dysregulate innate immunity in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lung

Bishop,

Yan,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionGlobal microplastic (MP) pollution is now well recognized, with humans and animals consuming and inhaling MPs on a daily basis, with a growing body of concern surrounding the potential impacts on human health.MethodsUsing a mouse model of mild COVID-19, we describe herein the effects of azide-free 1 μm polystyrene MP beads, co-delivered into lungs with a SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 inoculum. The effect of MPs on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was analysed using histopathology and RNA-Seq at 2 and 6 days post-infection (dpi).ResultsAlthough infection reduced clearance of MPs from the lung, virus titres and viral RNA levels were not significantly affected by MPs, and overt MP-associated clinical or histopathological changes were not observed. However, RNA-Seq of infected lungs revealed that MP exposure suppressed innate immune responses at 2 dpi and increased pro-inflammatory signatures at 6 dpi. The cytokine profile at 6 dpi showed a significant correlation with the ‘cytokine release syndrome’ signature observed in some COVID-19 patients.DiscussionThe findings are consistent with the recent finding that MPs can inhibit phagocytosis of apoptotic cells via binding of Tim4. They also add to a growing body of literature suggesting that MPs can dysregulate inflammatory processes in specific disease settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Microplastics dysregulate innate immunity in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lung

Bishop,

Yan,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Considerable speculation regarding the health impacts of MP inhalation remains (Fiorito et al, 2022;Liaquat et al, 2022;Perera et al, 2023;Yang et al, 2022), with limited compelling in vivo data from humans and animal models. However, an emerging theme from such studies, including the current report, is that MPs can dysregulate and/or promote inflammatory processes in specific disease settings (Chen et al, 2023;Liu et al, 2022;Luo et al, 2022;Rawle et al, 2022;Taş et al, 2023;Yan et al, 2022c). However, pertinent insights can be developed only if animal models use realistic MP doses, although we need (i) better insights into what such doses actually are in different human populations, and (ii) standardised units for MP exposure (Liu et al, 2024) (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Microplastics dysregulate innate immunity in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lung

Bishop,

Yan,

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Global microplastic (MP) pollution is now well recognized, with humans and animals consuming and inhaling MPs on a daily basis. Herein we described the effects of azide-free, 1 µm polystyrene MP beads co-delivered into lungs with a SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 inoculum using a mouse model of mild COVID-19. Lung virus titres and viral RNA levels were not significantly affected by MPs, with overt clinical or histopathological changes also not observed. However, RNA-Seq of infected lungs revealed that MP exposure suppressed innate immune responses at 2 days post infection (dpi) and increased pro-inflammatory signatures at 6 dpi. The cytokine profile at 6 dpi showed a significant correlation with the ‘cytokine release syndrome’ signature seen in some severe COVID-19 patients. This study adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that MPs can dysregulate inflammation in specific disease settings.Graphical AbstractHIGHLIGHTSA single inoculation of microplastics dysregulated SARS-CoV-2 lung inflammationAt the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infection microplastics decreased early innate responsesLater post infection microplastics promoted a “cytokine release syndrome” signatureA key mechanism may involve the inhibition of the phagocytosis of infected cellsAzide-free microplastics were used, with no elevated ROS responses identifiedPostulated mechanisms whereby microplastics might decrease the proinflammatory responses 2 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet promote the proinflammatory ‘cytokine release syndrome’ signature at 6 days post infection.

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Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain

Amato-Lourenço,

Dantas,

Júnior

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceMicroplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental and health concern. While MPs have been detected in various human tissues, their presence in the human brain has not been documented, raising important questions about potential neurotoxic effects and the mechanisms by which MPs might reach brain tissues.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of MPs in the human olfactory bulb and to analyze their characteristics such as size, morphology, color, and polymeric composition.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series study used a cross-sectional design involving the analysis of olfactory bulb tissues obtained from deceased individuals during routine coroner autopsies. The sampling procedures were conducted at São Paulo City Death Verification Service, with laboratory analysis carried out at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Participants included 15 adult individuals who had been residents of São Paulo for more than 5 years and underwent coroner autopsies. Exclusion criteria included previous neurosurgical interventions. Data analysis was performed in April 2024.ExposureThe primary exposure assessed was the presence of MPs in the olfactory bulb, analyzed through direct tissue examination and digested tissue filtration followed by micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were the identification and characterization of MPs within the olfactory bulb, including their size, morphology, color, and polymeric composition.ResultsThe median age of the 15 deceased individuals was 69.5 years, ranging from 33 to 100 years, with 12 males and 3 females. MPs were detected in the olfactory bulbs of 8 out of 15 individuals. A total of 16 synthetic polymer particles and fibers were identified, with 75% being particles and 25% being fibers. The most common polymer detected was polypropylene (43.8%). Sizes of MPs ranged from 5.5 μm to 26.4 μm for particles, and the mean fiber length was 21.4 μm. Polymeric materials were absent in procedural blank and negative control filters, indicating minimal contamination risk.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series provides evidence of MPs found in the human olfactory bulb, suggesting a potential pathway for the translocation of MPs to the brain. The findings underscore the need for further research on the health implications of MP exposure, particularly concerning neurotoxicity and the potential for MPs to bypass the blood-brain barrier.

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Role of Microplastics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Microplastics dysregulate innate immunity in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lung

Microplastics dysregulate innate immunity in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lung

Microplastics dysregulate innate immunity in the SARS-CoV-2 infected lung

Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain

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