Role of miRNA in the Development and Progression of Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis- A Review Article

Abstract

Osteoporosis [OP] and Osteoarthritis [OA] have many things in common despite distinct pathophysiologies. Both Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis are the most common musculoskeletal disorders, in the elderly, commonly affecting females. The incidence of both is increasing with a very high prevalence in an aging population. Both the diseases are multifactorial and remain largely understudied at the molecular level. Genetic and environmental factors have been recognized to have a major role in both. Several candidate genes have been found to have an association with both diseases and interestingly some of these are common having a role in both although they have not been studied in those suffering from both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Recent interest has been sought on the role of small ribonucleic acid such as microRNAs (miRNA) on various metabolic and genetic diseases. Numerous studies showed that these miRNAs are small non-coding sequences, nearly around 20-22 nucleotide base pairs that control the expressions of several genes whose altered expressions may lead to the bone formation imbalance and destruction. BackgroundPurpose of Review: Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis are a form of bone disease that most commonly affects the middle-aged and elderly. Besides many treatments and advancements in medical sciences, these diseases are still difficult to treat. Hence, there is a need to find some more specified and advanced treatment modalities to prevent the progression as well as treatment of both diseases. In our review, the role of miRNA is being discussed in both diseases which may provide more evidence to understand the diseases such as OP and OA. Findings:The articles were searched and included from PubMed, MEDLINE, and DOAJ Databases in the English language. We implemented the research terminologies ["Osteoporosis" "Osteoarthritis"] and ["miRNA in OS and OP"] and identified publications that directly discussed survival factors in subjects with both diseases. Since OS and OP can present itself in various ways, comprising radiography and biochemical profile to diagnose the disease and opt the appropriate treatment, comparison of comprehensive radiographic and microscopic findings is important.Inclusion criteria: Only those articles focused on the role of miRNA in OP and OA. Exclusion criteria:• Repetitive published literature.• No relevant information was given in the literature. •The articles without a control group.