Role of mitochondrial DNA in toxic responses to oxidative stress

Mitochondria-targeted Ogg1 and Aconitase-2 Prevent Oxidant-induced Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Alveolar Epithelial Cells

“…Although unclear with AEC, a causal link between mtDNA damage and apoptosis has been established in various cell types (7)(8)(9)(10)12). Compared with nuclear DNA, the mutation and damage rate of mtDNA by oxidative stress is severalfold higher in part because of the close proximity of mtDNA to the electron transport chain-generating ROS, the lack of histone-containing proteins that shield mtDNA, and the limited mtDNA repair systems (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). A novel finding of this study is that mt-hOgg1-Mut, which lacks the crucial amino acids necessary for 8-oxoG DNA repair (25), prevents oxidant-induced AEC mtDNA damage in a manner similar to mt-hOgg1-WT (Fig.…”

A systematic review of evidence for silver nanoparticle-induced mitochondrial toxicity

“…We review literature reporting data consistent with AgNP-induced mitotoxicity, organized into 4 major categories discussed in the text (panel A represents a healthy mitochondrion, panel B represents a mitochondrion after AgNP exposure). 1) Mitochondrial oxidative stress: one study reported increased mitochondrial superoxide production; 43 2) mitochondrial depolariza- Most reports of potential mitochondrially-related ROS effects resulting from AgNP exposure are correlative, consisting of nonspecific cellular increases in ROS associated with significant metrics of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, recent work has reported AgNP-mediated, mitochondriaspecific ROS effects that were size-dependent.…”

The water extract of Omija protects H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells from hydrogen peroxide through prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspases pathway

“…Mitochondria play a key role in apoptosis related to oxidative stress (Van Houten et al, 2006). Mitochondria produce a considerable quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which can cause damage to the macromolecules of cells (Van Houten et al, 2006).…”

“…Mitochondria produce a considerable quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which can cause damage to the macromolecules of cells (Van Houten et al, 2006). Previous studies reported that ROS production in myocardial cells is correlated with the unsaturation index of cardiolipin acyl chains (Hong et al, 2002).…”