Role of phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase and anthocyanidin synthase enzymes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in developing Solanum melongena L. genotypes

Abstract

Solanum melongena is a widely consumed vegetable crop comprising healthbenefiting phenolic compounds. It has a complex network of biosynthetic enzymes involved in synthesizing nutraceuticals, including anthocyanins. The present study was conducted to investigate the activities of key enzymes involved in biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in developing genotypes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). As inadequate information is available in this context, fruit and leaf tissues were analyzed for enzyme activities and anthocyanin accumulation. The study included characterization of extracted anthocyanin followed by expression studies for gateway enzyme (ANS) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Delphinidin was a major anthocyanidin present in fruit tissues (1.46-110.49 mg/100 g) of S. melongena.Anthocyanin accumulation is backed up by the correlation between biochemical analysis and expression studies. The study has shown variation for PAL, TAL and ANS enzymes in different tissues at developmental stages. Enzyme activities had a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Effects of Light Intensity on Endogenous Hormones and Key Enzyme Activities of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Blueberry Leaves

“…The anthocyanin content in eggplant was significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of SmCHI and SmDFR [44], while the DFR activity was significantly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in apple [45]. Meanwhile, the PAL activity was strongly positively correlated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant peel and fruit [46], which was consistent with the results of this study. At the same time, there was no significant relationship between CHI and DFR activities and the anthocyanin content at S2 in this study, which may be related to the decrease in anthocyanin biosynthesis and the increase in anthocyanin degradation at S2.…”

Metabolomics revealed metabolite biomarkers of antioxidant properties and flavonoid metabolite accumulation in purple rice after grain filling

“…Following the filling of purple rice, the biosynthesis pathways of anthocyanins and flavonoids were remarkably enriched in DMs from various comparison groups after 14 days ( P < 0.05; Table 1 ). Plants utilize enzymes such as PAL to synthesize the fundamental structure of anthocyanins from phenylalanine and ultimately produce proanthocyanidins as the final product of the flavonoid metabolic pathway ( Zhang et al, 2019 , Sharma et al, 2022 ). The activity of the essential enzyme PAL, which is involved in anthocyanin metabolism, is strongly positively linked to the anthocyanin concentration and flavonoid content of black rice caryopses ( Abdel Aal et al, 2006 ).…”

In vitro and in silico study of eggplant extract on human cancer cell lines

“…Solanum melongena fruits were grown and collected from Vegetable Farm (30.900434, 75.792541), Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Genotypes were selected from our previous studies based on their nutraceutical composition (Sharma et al 2019;Sharma et al 2022).…”