Studies on photocatalysis have been extensively carried out in the past decades for water splitting, 1, 2 CO2 reduction, 3,4 nitrogen fixation, 5 production of value-added chemicals, 6 and contaminant degradation. 7 As early as 1921, Baly et al firstly used the term "photocatalysis" to summarize a photochemical synthesis process in the living plant. 8 In 1972, Fujishima et al discovered the "semiconductor electrochemical photolysis" phenomenon, 9 and then they generalized this research