Nanotechnology has been playing a tremendous role in all fields of life sciences including 13 cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, botany, microbiology, zoology, evolution, ecology, and 14 physiology. Applications of nanotechnology are more on applied side in different sectors from 15 industry to agriculture. Agriculture sector is the backbone of developing countries for their economy. 16Growing world's population is putting more pressure on agriculture sector and there is a need to 17 develop new technology to address the crises of food safety and food shortage. Today's agriculture 18 has been entered in a new era where nanotechnology works as a technological advancement 19 regarding entire agriculture crops, and food sector revolution, even though, it has prodigious 20 applications in food production, food processing, food packaging, food storage and economic growth 21 of industries. Moreover, nanotechnology is the best solution to solve problems related to better food 22 and agriculture. Likewise, biotechnology, nanotechnology also raised high concerns upon safety on 23 biodiversity, health and environment. Nanotechnology is providing efficient alternatives to increase 24 the crop production by managing the insect/pests in agriculture in an eco-friendly manner. It also 25 promotes plant efficiency to absorb nutrients. However, the concerns are very high regarding 26 regulation, safety and approval of nanotechnology products by risk assessment authorities. The 27suggested review includes stupendous applications of nanotechnology in food and agriculture sector 28 along with its prospective merits and associated risks. 29

Background: In the present situation where there is water shortage globally, nanoparticles can play a vital role in treating wastewater to make it usable for several processes. Industrial wastewater contains numerous heavy metals and associated wastes which enter our food chain by one mean or other This article provides a review of applications of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment and highlights significance of photocatalyticnanoparticles in general. Methods: Online journals and books related to wastewater treatment using nanoparticles are reviewed to compile their essentials findings. General mechanisms, applications, limitations and comparison of photocatalytic nanoparticles are reviewed as well. Results: A study of photocatalytic nanoparticles shows that TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles have excellent photocatalytic capabilities as compared to other nanoparticles due to their band gap properties however, the usage of these nanoparticles is limited since there is higher recombination rate of electrons and holes in photocatalysis. Further, individual limitations also exist as TiO2 is inoperable in visible light region. So, their heterostructure with other nanoparticles have been developed to overcome their limitations. Other nanoparticles, like noble metals, and those like CuO, CeO2, SnO2 have potential in carrying out photocatalytic degradation of contaminants of wastewaters. Conclusion: A number of contaminants can be eliminated from wastewater bodies using photocatalytic nanoparticles. Efficiency of photocatalytic nanoparticles can be enhanced by coupling them with suitable species. Research in this area can prevent the water shortage of upcoming years.

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Global wheat production and productivity are facing threats due to recurring droughts caused by climate change. To combat these challenges, it is important to develop drought-tolerant wheat cultivars that can withstand drought and heat stress in marginal production environments. This can be achieved by exploring wheat crops inherent genetic variations and environmental adaptations. Understanding the various mechanisms such as genetics, physiology, biochemistry, and environment and their interactions is crucial in improving drought tolerance in wheat. This paper will summarize the genetic gains and future perspectives in breeding drought-tolerant wheat. This information will serve as a valuable resource for wheat breeders and agronomists to guide the developing and deploying high-performing, drought-adapted wheat varieties.