Role of placenta in maternal-fetal vitamin transfer in humans

Baker, Herman; Frank, Oscar; DeAngelis, Barbara; Feingold, Susan; Kaminetzky, Harold A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(81)90706-7

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hyperemesis gravidarum is treated with 50-100 mg pyridoxine a day, which is well tolerated by both mother and foetus [6]. Others suggested a necessarily daily supplement of 2.5 to 10 mg pyridoxine in all pregnant women and have shown that the pyridoxine state of the mother significantly affects the foetus [3,11]. In general, only long-term use of pyridoxine in doses over 200-300 mg/day is thought to lead to adverse effects, especially reversible sensory neuropathy, in healthy adults [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal treatment in two Dutch families with pyridoxine-dependent seizures

et al. 2009

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Incidental reports suggest that antenatal treatment of pyridoxine dependent seizures (PDS) may improve neurodevelopmental outcome of affected patients. Two families with PDS are reported, both with two affected siblings. Antenatal treatment with pyridoxine was instituted during the second pregnancy in each family (50 and 60 mg daily from 3 and 10 weeks of gestation, respectively). Perinatal characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcome at 4 (Family A) and 12 (Family B) years of age were compared between the untreated and treated child within each family. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid was present in both first pregnancies and abnormal foetal movements were noticed in one. In the treated infants, pregnancy and birth were uncomplicated. In family A, postnatal pyridoxine supplementation prevented neonatal seizures. Both children in family A were hypotonic and started walking after 2 years of age; both had white matter changes on MRI, and the first child was treated for squint. IQ was 73 and 98 in the antenatally untreated and treated child, respectively. The second child in family B developed seizures on the seventh day, because pyridoxine maintenance therapy had not been instituted after birth. Seizures responded rapidly to pyridoxine supplementation. MRI showed large ventricles and a mega cisterna magna. IQ was 80 and 106 in the antenatally untreated and treated child respectively. Both children had normal motor development. These results suggest that antenatal pyridoxine supplementation may be effective in preventing intrauterine seizures, decreasing the risk of complicated birth and improving neurodevelopmental outcome in PDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal treatment in two Dutch families with pyridoxine-dependent seizures

et al. 2009

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“…Poor folate status has been strongly, if somewhat inconsistently, associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, spontaneous abortions, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction and congenital birth defects (158)(159)(160)(161)(162) . Raised tHcy is also associated with these risks, although it is not yet clear what proportions are the result of poor folate status per se or to the folate-independent actions of homocysteine (156,157) . The preventive effect of folic acid supplementation in substantially reducing the risk of neural-tube defects has been proven in several randomised controlled trials (163,164) .…”

Section: P-amino-and Acetamido-benzoylglutamatementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and interpretation of micronutrient status during pregnancy

Wheeler

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Accurate assessment of maternal micronutrient status is critical to the prevention of suboptimal micronutrient status and anaemia during pregnancy. Measurement of Fe, folate and vitamin B12status is complicated by adaptive changes to maternal and placental physiology that markedly affect concentrations of circulating micronutrients and their functional biomarkers. Validation of new assessment methods by comparison with gold standards is often prevented by ethical considerations. Antenatal screening in the UK is predominantly concerned with the detection of anaemia, although estimation of maternal Fe stores by serum ferritin at the start of antenatal care may be a more effective preventive strategy. Functional assessment of maternal anaemia is highly problematic, so instead reference data are used for its definition. The effect of mild-to-moderate anaemia on pregnancy outcome is unclear because of the crude nature of its assessment and the influence of confounding factors. Fe-deficient erythropoiesis may be detected by assessment of erythrocyte Zn protoporphyrin and reticulocyte Hb, although such measures may be unavailable in many clinical laboratories. Serum soluble transferrin receptor is highly responsive to tissue Fe deficiency and is less affected by inflammation than most other indicators. Direct inter-assay comparison of serum and erythrocyte folate values is inadvisable since recovery rates differ greatly between methods. Serum total homocysteine is a useful functional biomarker of both folate and vitamin B12status but during pregnancy is influenced by other factors that reduce its sensitivity. Isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem MS and serum holo-transcobalamin provide new opportunities to gain detailed data of folate species and vitamin B12fractions in large samples.

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“…The vitamin status of neonates strongly relies on that of their mothers before and after delivery (Baker et al, 1981;Stoltzfus et al, 1993;Bjorke Monsen et al, 2001). Studies among presumably HIV-uninfected women have shown that supplementation with vitamins A and B12 during early lactation increases the concentrations of nutrients in breast milk and results in improved vitamin status of infants during the first 6 months (Thomas et al, 1979;Sneed et al, 1981;Stoltzfus et al, 1993;Roy et al, 1997;Muslimatun et al, 2001;Bahl et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vitamin supplementation to HIV-infected pregnant women on the micronutrient status of their infants

et al. 2005

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Objective: We examined whether supplementation with vitamin A and/or vitamins B, C, and E to HIV-infected women during pregnancy and lactation is related to increased concentrations of vitamins A, B12, and E in their infants during the first 6 months of life. Design: We carried out a randomized clinical trial among 716 mother-infant pairs in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Women were randomly allocated to receive a daily oral dose of one of four regimens: vitamin A, multivitamins (B, C, and E), multivitamins including A, or placebo. Supplementation started at first prenatal visit and continued after delivery throughout the breastfeeding period. The serum concentration of vitamins A, E and B12 was measured in infants at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Results: Maternal vitamin A supplementation increased serum retinol in the infants at 6 weeks (mean difference ¼ 0.09 mmol/l, Po0.0001) and 6 months (mean difference ¼ 0.06 mmol/l, P ¼ 0.0002), and decreased the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, but had no impact on serum vitamins E or B12. Multivitamins increased serum vitamin B12 at 6 weeks and 6 months (mean differences ¼ 176 pmol/l, Po0.0001 and 127 pmol/l, Po0.0001, respectively) and vitamin E (mean differences ¼ 1.8 mmol/l, P ¼ 0.0008 and 1.1 mmol/l, P ¼ 0.004, respectively) and decreased the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Conclusions: Vitamin supplementation to HIV-1-infected women is effective in improving the vitamin status of infants during the first 6 months of age.

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Role of placenta in maternal-fetal vitamin transfer in humans

Cited by 70 publications

References 10 publications

Antenatal treatment in two Dutch families with pyridoxine-dependent seizures

Antenatal treatment in two Dutch families with pyridoxine-dependent seizures

Assessment and interpretation of micronutrient status during pregnancy

Effect of vitamin supplementation to HIV-infected pregnant women on the micronutrient status of their infants

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