Abstract:Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been repo… Show more
“…In addition, p -coumaric acid [ 38 ], pyrogallol [ 51 ], cinnamaldehyde [ 52 ], ferulic acid [ 53 ] and cinnamic acid [ 54 , 55 ] present on the surface of Au@P-NPs have been reported for inducing thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in adipose tissues (ATs) to provide anti-obesity effects. Similarly, other cinnamyl acetate, rutin and catechin are known for anti-inflammatory activity [ 16 , 56 , 57 ] which can regulate metabolic inflammation in ATs of HFD-fed mice. Fig.…”
Existing drugs have limited success in managing obesity in human due to their low efficacy and severe side-effects. Surface-modified gold nanoparticles have now received considerable attention of researchers for efficient biomedical applications owing to their superior uptake by cells, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and non-immunogenicity. Here we prepared
Cinnamomum verum
derived bioactives-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au@P-NPs) and assessed their impact on obesity and related immune-metabolic complications in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice using metabolic experiments along with 16S RNA gene-based gut microbial profiling and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Au@P-NPs treatment prevented weight gain, decreased fat deposition, reduced metabolic inflammation and endotoxaemia in HFD-fed mice. Au@P-NPs-treated group exhibited better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than HFD-fed control mice, and got completely protected against hepatic steatosis. These impacts were related to increased energy expenditure and enhanced
Ucp1
expression in the brown adipose tissues of Au@P-NPs-administered animals, which strongly linked with the mRNA expression of the membrane bile acid receptor TGR5. Treatment of HFD-fed animals with Au@P-NPs altered plasma bile acid profile, and increased
Akkermansia muciniphila
and decreased
Lactobacillus
populations in the faeces. Au@P-NPs-treated animals revealed altered plasma bile acid profile, and increased
Akkermansia muciniphila
and decreased
Lactobacillus
populations in the faeces. FMT experiments showed lesser weight gain and greater energy expenditure in the mice fed with faecal suspension from Au@P-NPs-treated animals than that from HFD-fed mice. These results clearly establish that gold nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive compounds of
C. verum
have high potential to be an anti-obesity drug.
“…In addition, p -coumaric acid [ 38 ], pyrogallol [ 51 ], cinnamaldehyde [ 52 ], ferulic acid [ 53 ] and cinnamic acid [ 54 , 55 ] present on the surface of Au@P-NPs have been reported for inducing thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in adipose tissues (ATs) to provide anti-obesity effects. Similarly, other cinnamyl acetate, rutin and catechin are known for anti-inflammatory activity [ 16 , 56 , 57 ] which can regulate metabolic inflammation in ATs of HFD-fed mice. Fig.…”
Existing drugs have limited success in managing obesity in human due to their low efficacy and severe side-effects. Surface-modified gold nanoparticles have now received considerable attention of researchers for efficient biomedical applications owing to their superior uptake by cells, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and non-immunogenicity. Here we prepared
Cinnamomum verum
derived bioactives-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au@P-NPs) and assessed their impact on obesity and related immune-metabolic complications in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice using metabolic experiments along with 16S RNA gene-based gut microbial profiling and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Au@P-NPs treatment prevented weight gain, decreased fat deposition, reduced metabolic inflammation and endotoxaemia in HFD-fed mice. Au@P-NPs-treated group exhibited better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than HFD-fed control mice, and got completely protected against hepatic steatosis. These impacts were related to increased energy expenditure and enhanced
Ucp1
expression in the brown adipose tissues of Au@P-NPs-administered animals, which strongly linked with the mRNA expression of the membrane bile acid receptor TGR5. Treatment of HFD-fed animals with Au@P-NPs altered plasma bile acid profile, and increased
Akkermansia muciniphila
and decreased
Lactobacillus
populations in the faeces. Au@P-NPs-treated animals revealed altered plasma bile acid profile, and increased
Akkermansia muciniphila
and decreased
Lactobacillus
populations in the faeces. FMT experiments showed lesser weight gain and greater energy expenditure in the mice fed with faecal suspension from Au@P-NPs-treated animals than that from HFD-fed mice. These results clearly establish that gold nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive compounds of
C. verum
have high potential to be an anti-obesity drug.
“…An increase in the height or the width of the villus indicates an increase in the surface area, which can better absorb the available nutrients, thereby regulating the nutritional status and improving the development and health of the poultry [ 35 ]. Fideles et al [ 36 ] pointed out that pretreatment with rutin (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed a marked reversal in villi shortening in the duodenum and the jejunum in mice of 5-Fluorouracil (FU) induced experimental intestinal mucositis; however, all rutin doses failed to reverse the villi shortening caused by 5-FU in the ileum. Additionally, Zhang et al [ 37 ] reported that dietary rutin (250 mg/kg) and rutin (1000 mg/kg) in weaned mice for 21 days increased jejunum villus height, indicating that rutin improved intestinal morphology.…”
This research investigated the effects of dietary rutin supplementation on the intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and microbiota of aged laying hens. The results showed that 500 mg/kg rutin supplementation increased the villus height of jejunum (P < 0.05). Rutin affected the immune system of the ileum and the jejunum. In the jejunum, a diet with 500 mg/kg rutin supplementation enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (P < 0.05). A diet with 1000 mg/kg rutin supplementation increased jejunal sIgA, immunologlobulin M (IgM), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels while decreasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a diet with 500 mg/kg rutin increased sIgA, immunologlobulin G (IgG), IgM, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the ileum (P < 0.05). In the ileum, a diet with 1000 mg/kg rutin supplementation raised sIgA, IgG, IgM, IL-4, and IL-10 levels while decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels (P < 0.05). At the family level, a diet with 500 mg/kg rutin supplementation raised the relative abundance of Monoglobaceae and decreased the relative abundance of Eubacteriaceae (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. In the 1000 mg/kg rutin group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Unclassified Coriobacteriale was considerably lower and the relative abundance of Monoglobaceae was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). This study showed that a diet with rutin supplementation can improve the intestinal health of aged laying hens, and the mechanism is related to improving the intestinal morphology and intestinal immune status, and regulating the intestinal microbes.
“…These results agree with our study, where we observed that the potent anti-tumor effect detected by 5-FU was in parallel with a concomitant increase in the levels of the in ammatory biomarkers NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1b, and NF-κB in both serum and ascetic uid. Stimulation of systemic in ammation by chemotherapies could be attributed to tissue damage and cell apoptosis as a result of the cytotoxicity effect, and also the elevation of reactive oxygen species through inducing the myeloperoxidase enzymes (MPO), a neutrophil marker [33][34][35]. Alternative therapeutics that can impair the side effects of 5-FU, without affecting treatment e ciency are urgently needed.…”
Background: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is the major link between inflammation and cancer. Natural agents that inhibit this pathway are essential in attenuating inflammation induced by cancer and/or induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. A high intake of Brassicaceae vegetables is linked to modulating essential pathways related to chronic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of glucosinolates indoles; indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM) on the inflammatory biomarkers and miRNAs controlling the NF-κB pathway. Methods and Results: inoculation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in female albino mice resulted in a marked increase in packed cell volume and a significant increase in the level of several cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers (NF-κB IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-α, and NO). A significant elevation in the inflammatory-medicated miRNAs (miR-31 and miR-21) was also detected. Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly reduces packed cell volume and the viable cell count. However, it was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of inflammatory markers and the expression of miR-31 and miR-21. Although treatment with indoles significantly reduced the packed cell volume and the viable cell count, their most prominent effect was the marked reduction of all inflammatory biomarkers compared to both EAC untreated group and the EAC group treated with 5-FU. Moreover, their anti-inflammatory effect was modulated by a significant decrease in miR-31 and miR-21. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that I3C and DIM have a strong anti-inflammatory effect, implying that their use as a co-treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs could effectively improve the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapies.
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