Role of S-100 Immunostaining in Demonstration of Nerve Changes and Quantification of Dendritic Cells in Leprosy

Mohanraj, Anand; Subramanian, Sowmya

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/6436.4100

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With respect to the dendritic cell response, more recent studies have identified a variety of cell subtypes that modulate the initial construction of the immune response in the polar forms of the disease ( 32 – 34 ). In this context, the presence of the dendritic cells of the epidermis (CD1a+) and langerin (CD207+) show particularly increased expression in the tuberculoid form.…”

Section: Immune Response In Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy As a Complex Infection: Breakdown of the Th1 and Th2 Immune Paradigm in the Immunopathogenesis of the Disease

2017

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Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease whose evolution involves complex immune mechanisms of the host that influence the clinical presentation of the disease. For many years, the main interpretation of the host defense response was based on characterization of the established immune paradigm between T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 lymphocytes. However, with advances in the knowledge of immunology, new approaches have emerged along with the development of new immunological pathways that have changed the interpretation of the long-established paradigm of the polar forms of the disease, especially with the identification of new subtypes of T lymphocytes such as Th9, Th17, Th22, and Tregs. Thus, this review discusses the role of these new subtypes of T helper lymphocytes and how the development of the immune response of these cells modifies the pattern of the Th1/Th2 response in the immunopathogenesis of leprosy.

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Section: Immune Response In Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy As a Complex Infection: Breakdown of the Th1 and Th2 Immune Paradigm in the Immunopathogenesis of the Disease

2017

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“…[ 12 ] and Mohanraj and Srinivasan. [ 13 ] In the above two studies, there was no uniformity in the pattern definition set. Absent and intact patterns were considered for nerve fragments inside and outside the granuloma, whereas fragmented and infiltrated patterns were restricted to nerve fragments seen within the granulomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of S100 immunostaining in demonstrating neural granulomas in paucibacillary leprosy

Shenoy

Nair²

2018

Indian J Dermatol

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Evaluation of S-100 immunostaining in the demonstration of nerve changes in tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy - A descriptive, prospective and retrospective analytical study

Manjunath¹,

Manjunath²,

Basavaraj³

2021

IJPO

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S-100 immunohistochemical staining may detect nerve involvement in early stages of tuberculoid spectrum of leprosy. This study investigated the use of S-100 in early diagnosis of the tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy and compared its sensitivity with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains in discerning the nerve involvement. To study the different histopathological patterns of nerve involvement in tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy on S-100 immunostaining and also to compare the sensitivity of HE stain with S-100 immunostain in discerning the nerve involvement in these cases. This was a descriptive, prospective and retrospective analytical study, which included patients with tuberculoid spectrum of leprosy. Histopathological examination (HPE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis were performed on all skin biopsies using HE stain and S-100 immunostain, respectively. Then the sensitivities of both the stains in discerning the nerve involvement were calculated and the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22 by applying chi-square test. The study included a total of 58 patients [tuberculoid (n=28), borderline tuberculoid (n=30)]. The mean age was 43 yrs. The most common clinical manifestation was hypopigmented patches (n=40, 70%) with loss of sensation (n=39, 68.3%). HPE revealed 36 cases with well-defined granulomas, 22 cases with ill-defined granulomas and 41 cases with nerve destruction. IHC analysis showed four different patterns of nerve damage (fragmented, n=32; infiltrated and fragmented, n=14; infiltrated, n=10; intact, infiltrated and fragmented; n=1). The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of HE staining in delineating the nerve involvement were 68.96% and 100%, respectively. Whereas, the sensitivity and PPV of S-100 IHC were 100% each. Less number of cases. Use of S-100 IHC along with HPE aids in early, accurate and confirmatory diagnosis.

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Role of S-100 Immunostaining in Demonstration of Nerve Changes and Quantification of Dendritic Cells in Leprosy

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Leprosy As a Complex Infection: Breakdown of the Th1 and Th2 Immune Paradigm in the Immunopathogenesis of the Disease

Leprosy As a Complex Infection: Breakdown of the Th1 and Th2 Immune Paradigm in the Immunopathogenesis of the Disease

Study of S100 immunostaining in demonstrating neural granulomas in paucibacillary leprosy

Evaluation of S-100 immunostaining in the demonstration of nerve changes in tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid leprosy - A descriptive, prospective and retrospective analytical study

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