Role of S100A3 in human colorectal cancer and the anticancer effect of cantharidinate

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The early diagnosis and treatment of CRC is the key to improving the survival of patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the present study, the protein expression of S100A3 was observed in a cohort of 20 patients with cancer, which indicated that S100A3 activation was involved in tumorigenesis. In addition, the anticancer activity of cantharidinate was investigated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The protein expression of S100A3 was observed to increase by 2.4-fold in human CRC cells compared with the expression level in normal control cells (P<0.01). Cantharidinate inhibited the protein and gene expression of S100A3 in UCT-116 human CRC cells in vitro. These results suggested that S100A3 is important in human CRC. Cantharidinate has the potential to be considered as a novel adjuvant drug for controlling the expression of S100A3 in human CRC as it exhibits preventive effects.

Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), protocadherin 9 (PCdh9), and S100 calcium binding protein A3 (S100A3) as potential biomarkers of carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of different neoplasms, including ovarian cancer — review of literature

“…In gastric cancer, S100A3 upregulation correlates positively with the TNM stage and tumor differentiation, where higher levels of the protein were noticed for stages III and IV of the disease and in poorly differentiated tumors. Similarly, in colorectal cancer tissues, a notable increase in expression of this protein was detected, with the highest expression levels in the tumor cells and tumor interstitial regions and the significant reduction was observed after the cytotoxic treatment [32]. The S100A3 gene activation was also proven to be involved in tumorigenesis and tumor aggresiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer [33,34].…”

Epidermal differentiation complex (locus 1q21) gene expression in head and neck cancer and normal mucosa

“…However, chromosomal amplifications involving S100A3 were found in esophageal SCC after exposure to tobacco and betel quid [42]. Furthermore, S100A3 up-regulation was shown in colorectal [43] and bladder [44] cancers in addition to gastric cancer where S100A3 over-expression correlated with tumor differentiation and TNM stage [45].…”

Blockade of S100A3 activity inhibits murine hair growth

“…Therefore, they participate in the immune response, cell migration and chemotaxis, tissue repair, and tumor cell invasion (Donato et al, 2013). S100A3 is overexpressed in head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, and astrocytic tumors, but has an inverse correlation to breast cancer progression (Lloyd et al, 1996;Camby et al, 2000;Yao et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2008Liu et al, , 2013Tyszkiewicz et al, 2014). It is also highly expressed in hair root cells, and is thought to have a role in epithelial cell differentiation and Ca 2+ -dependent hair cuticular barrier formation (Kizawa et al, 2008).…”

“…It is specifically expressed in cuticular cells, and to a lesser extent in the cortical cells of hair follicles in humans (Kizawa et al, 1996;Takizawa et al, 1999), mice (Kizawa et al, 1998), and rats (Kizawa and Ito, 2005). In addition, S100A3 is expressed in head and neck cancer (Tyszkiewicz et al, 2014), breast cancer (Lloyd et al, 1996), gastric cancer (Liu et al, 2008), colorectal cancer (Liu et al, 2013), bladder cancer (Yao et al, 2007), and astrocytic tumors (Camby et al, 2000). Because these cell types are characterized by high proliferation rates, S100A3 is thought to be involved in cell cycle progression.…”