Role of Sex Steroid Hormones in Bacterial-Host Interactions

García-Gómez, Elizabeth; González‐Pedrajo, Bertha; Camacho‐Arroyo, Ignacio

doi:10.1155/2013/928290

Cited by 172 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Although most of the relevant studies were performed on human or laboratory female animals, all data suggest that these sex steroid hormones play a key role in the modulation of interactions between bacterial microorganisms and the host's environment (Garcia-Gomez et al 2013). This bacterial-host communication can mediate the activation of virulence factors of microbial pathogens thus affecting the pathogenesis and prognosis of infection in their host organism (Hughes and Sperandio 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of bacterial pathogens in equine uterine swabs, their antibiotic resistance patterns, and selected reproductive indices in English thoroughbred mares during the foal heat cycle

Benko¹,

Boldižár²,

Novotný³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med.

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Fertility problems of mares on a well-managed breeding farm with thoroughbred stallions have been ascribed mostly to contamination of the reproductive apparatus of females with pathogens, particularly those of bacterial origin. This study presents a summary of the frequency of bacterial pathogens isolated from 437 cervical swabs which were collected from English thoroughbred mares intended for mating between 2008-2014, as well as of resistance tests of these pathogens to seven commonly used antibiotics as follows: penicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, cefotaxime, marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin. In addition, the study reports the changes in the levels of plasma oestradiol and progesterone determined two to three days before and two to three days after the first postpartum ovulation in mares with positive and dubious bacteriological findings and percentage of barren mares and mares that conceived at first, second and third post-partum ovulations. It was observed that 21.5% of mares were barren even after the third post-partum cycles. The oestradiol levels determined two to three days before the first post-partum ovulation were significantly lower in mares positive for pathogenic microflora in their reproductive apparatus compared to mares with the dubious findings (25.1 ± 5.8 pg/ml vs. 69.7 ± 18.3 pg/ml; P < 0.05), while the mean progesterone levels did not differ significantly but displayed a rather wide range in positive mares (from 0.08 to 1.38 ng/ml) compared to dubious mares with only small variations (0.12 ± 0.03 ng/ml). Moreover, of the total number of cervical swabs taken shortly before the first post-partum oestrus from all the mares intended for mating as many as 69.7% were contaminated with pathogenic microflora (positive findings). Saprophytic microorganisms only (the dubious findings) were isolated from 29.7% of swabs. From the 307 positive swabs, we could identify 40.4% positive for β-haemolytic streptococci and 20.4% positive for Escherichia coli, the pathogens implicated in causing reproductive disorders. Tests of antibiotic resistance of the investigated pathogens revealed that both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed high susceptibility to antibiotics such as cefotaxime, marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin. On the other hand, both these bacterial groups showed high resistance to routinely used broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as penicillin and tetracycline. Because further research is required for a full understanding of the mechanism of pathogenesis of post-breeding endometritis, we can only hypothesise that uterine contamination with pathogenic microflora, particularly with β-haemolytic streptococci and coliform bacteria, diagnosed before the first post-partum ovulation, could negatively affect the hormonal regulation of oestrus and result in mare fertility problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of bacterial pathogens in equine uterine swabs, their antibiotic resistance patterns, and selected reproductive indices in English thoroughbred mares during the foal heat cycle

Benko¹,

Boldižár²,

Novotný³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med.

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“…Estrogen and progesterone impact the composition of the gut microbiome through their effect on bacterial metabolism and growth and virulence of pathogenic bacteria (Mulak et al, 2014). An example of this is the susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infections in pregnancy partly due to elevated estrogen and progesterone levels, leading to adverse outcomes, including preterm delivery or stillbirth (Garcia-Gomez, Gonzalez-Pedrajo, & Camacho-Arroyo, 2013). Dramatic changes in ovarian hormones during the prenatal and postpartum periods also affect gut contractility and transit (Mayer, Savidge, et al, 2014).…”

Section: Hormonal Changes In Pregnancy and The Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Maternal Gut Microbiome During Pregnancy

Edwards

Cunningham

Dunlop

et al. 2017

McN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

155

115

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The gut microbiome is a critical component of an individual’s metabolism and overall health. The prenatal period is marked by unique inflammatory and immune changes that alter maternal gut function and bacterial composition as the pregnancy advances. The composition of the maternal gut microbiome contributes to obstetric outcomes with long-term health sequelae for mother and child. Estrogen and progesterone also impact gut function, especially during the prenatal period. These physiologic changes in pregnancy allow for adjustments in maternal metabolism and weight necessary to support the pregnancy. This article will review the normal hormonal, metabolic and immunologic changes to the maternal gut microbiome throughout the prenatal period, in addition to relevant implications for nurses providing care for pregnant women.

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“…Moreover, it has been suggested that sex hormones participate in signaling between pathogens and hosts; therefore, studies that reported sex-linked association of susceptibility to infectious disease may involve microbial responses (e.g. expression of virulence factors) other than just microbial proliferation [28]. Thus, it has been difficult to develop better criteria for identifying 'at risk' individuals, since it is a challenge to define the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reported associations between APO and periodontal disease, APO and certain oral community profiles, and/ or APO and specific oral pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyromonas gingivalisand adverse pregnancy outcome

Reyes

Phillips

Wolfe

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium considered to be an important pathogen of periodontal disease that is also implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). Until recently, our understanding of the role of P. gingivalis in APO has been limited and sometimes contradictory. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of past and current research on P. gingivalis that addresses some of the controversies concerning the role of this organism in the pathogenesis of APO.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Role of Sex Steroid Hormones in Bacterial-Host Interactions

Cited by 172 publications

References 86 publications

Incidence of bacterial pathogens in equine uterine swabs, their antibiotic resistance patterns, and selected reproductive indices in English thoroughbred mares during the foal heat cycle

Incidence of bacterial pathogens in equine uterine swabs, their antibiotic resistance patterns, and selected reproductive indices in English thoroughbred mares during the foal heat cycle

The Maternal Gut Microbiome During Pregnancy

Porphyromonas gingivalisand adverse pregnancy outcome

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