Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System

Chandramowlishwaran, Pavithra; Vijay, Anitha; Abraham, Daniel; Li, Ge; Mwangi, Simon M.; Srinivasan, Shanthi

doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.614331

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…Mechanistically, sirtuin in breast milk may have a local effect on the gut, regulating for example, metabolic processes and the metabolome, cell signaling, and transport across intestinal membranes. Sirtuins were shown to have an effect on the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells [29], the intestinal microbiota [26,28], and intestinal inflammation [28]. Modulation of the enteric nervous system by sirtuins has been suggested to impact the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sirtuins were shown to have an effect on the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells [29], the intestinal microbiota [26,28], and intestinal inflammation [28]. Modulation of the enteric nervous system by sirtuins has been suggested to impact the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis [26]. On the other hand, sirtuins in breast milk may be taken up by the intestine and enter the systemic circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review suggested a role of sirtuins in pre-and postnatal programming, which may result in (metabolic) diseases during later life [25]. Additionally, sirtuins 1, 2, and 3 have been shown to modulate neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system [26] and may impact the brain by the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which has been suggested to be involved in priming important organ systems via early-life nutrition [27]. Sirtuin 1 was reported to regulate the gut microbiota [28], sirtuin 2 was found to maintain gut homeostasis [29], while sirtuin 1 is supposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 3 at Enzyme and Protein Levels in Human Breast Milk during the Neonatal Period

et al. 2021

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Breast feeding is regarded as the preferred nutrition modality for children during the first few months of life. It not only furthers growth and development but also is supposed to impact later life. The first 1000 days are regarded as a critical window for development, even beyond infancy. The physiological basis underlying this beneficial effect is not clear. Sirtuins are important regulatory proteins of metabolism and are supposed to play a critical role in ageing and longevity as well as in diseases. In the present study, we developed novel methods to assay sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 3 at enzyme activity (via fluorometry) and protein levels (by Western blot) in the aqueous phase and in the cell pellet of human breast milk and assessed the impact of ongoing lactation during the neonatal period. Sirtuin activities in the aqueous phase were negatively correlated with the duration of lactation in the neonatal period. There was no correlation of sirtuin activities in the cell pellet with the duration of lactation. The amounts of sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 3 measured by Western blot were negatively correlated with the lactation period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 3 at Enzyme and Protein Levels in Human Breast Milk during the Neonatal Period

et al. 2021

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“…SIRT1 and SIRT2 are most commonly expressed, mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT 3, SIRT4, SIRT5) are expressed to a lesser extent and SIRT6 at the lowest degree. SIRT1 expressions are observed mostly in the cerebellum, hippocampus and hypothalamus neurons, SIRT2 in the spinal cord and brainstem, cerebellum cortex, striatum and hippocampus [144].…”

Section: Neuroaids In Aging Hiv Population and Sirtuin Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sirtuins as Interesting Players in the Course of HIV Infection and Comorbidities

Jurkowska

Szymańska

Knysz

et al. 2021

Cells

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The sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of enzymes from the group of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Through the reaction of splitting the acetyl group of various transcription factors and histones they regulate many processes in the organism. The activity of sirtuins is linked to metabolic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and they also affect the course of viral infections. For this reason, they may participate in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, but little is known about their role in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which is the subject of this review. In the course of HIV infection, comorbidities such as: neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases, renal and bone diseases developed more frequently and faster compared to the general population. The role of sirtuins in the development of accompanying diseases in the course of HIV infection may also be interesting. There is still a lack of detailed information on this subject. The role of sirtuins, especially SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, are indicated to be of great importance in the course of HIV infection and the development of the abovementioned comorbidities.

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“…SPIs and prebiotics favor the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the SIRT expression in the gut mucosa. Both exert antiinflammatory effects, maintains gut barrier functions and beneficially effects clinical blood parameters [18][19][20] but are also linked to be neuroprotective and regulate hormones, such as leptin, ghrelin, melatonin and serotonin, thus influencing hunger, satiety and mood [21][22]. Nevertheless, the range of short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) activities are limited comparing SPIs metabolites produced, within the gut [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Sirtuin expression, senescence regulating miRNAs, mtDNA, and Bifidobateria correlate with wellbeing and skin appearance after Sirtuin- activating drink

Haslberger

Lilja²,

Bäck³

et al. 2021

Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease

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Background: Sirtuins attract high attention considering their properties to reverse molecular hallmarks of aging and age-related disorders. Many secondary plant ingredients (SPI) are known for their sirtuin-activating activities as well as epigenetic regulation of telomers, autophagy, senolysis, DNA repair but also improvement of gut microbiota. Furthermore, prebiotics enhanced butyrate was shown to interact with SIRT pathways. This study investigated effects of a drink containing a mix of different SPIs in combination with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and their effect on SIRT activation, markers of aging relevant mechanisms and gut microbiota composition in correlation with subjective wellbeing and skin structure appearance. Methods: We analyzed gene expression, mtDNA amount, and microbial composition in response to a sirtuin-activating drink in humans compared to a control group consuming a placebo. Food frequency, beauty, and general health questionnaires were asked, and a set of mRNAs and miRNAs were assessed using qPCR analysis. The gut composition was analyzed using Illumnia sequencing.Results: SPI increased SIRT1, SIRT3 and modulated cell cycle relevant miR16 and senescence regulating miR34 expression. Additionally, mtDNA amount was higher in the group consuming the active supplement indicating an improved mitochondrial activity. The combined effect of SPI and GOS lead to an increase of Actinobacteria, especially Bifidobacterium, but also Veillonellaceae which was not observed in the control group. Significant correlations between SIRT3 expression and the gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Veillonellaceae were observed. Additionally, statistical analysis of subjects self-reporting indicated beneficial effects regarding beauty and wellbeing.Conclusion: Our results show that the combination of sirtuins inducing SPI and prebiotic GOS influences molecular pathways counteracting aging, senescence, inflammation, and enhanced groups of gut microbiota which are known to improve the innate and adaptive immune system. Keywords: secondary plant ingredients, prebiotic, Sirtuins, subjective wellbeing, Bifidobacterium

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Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System

Cited by 46 publications

References 189 publications

Analysis of Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 3 at Enzyme and Protein Levels in Human Breast Milk during the Neonatal Period

Analysis of Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 3 at Enzyme and Protein Levels in Human Breast Milk during the Neonatal Period

Sirtuins as Interesting Players in the Course of HIV Infection and Comorbidities

Increased Sirtuin expression, senescence regulating miRNAs, mtDNA, and Bifidobateria correlate with wellbeing and skin appearance after Sirtuin- activating drink

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