Role of Skeletal Muscle in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Uptake

Merz, Karla E.; Thurmond, Debbie C.

doi:10.1002/cphy.c190029

Cited by 306 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 359 publications

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“…Specifically, during exercise, the redistribution of GLUT4 glucose transporters from the cell interior to the cell surface facilitates glucose uptake by two separate, but additive pathways (Figure 1) [22,[24][25][26][29][30][31][32]. The first pathway is the insulin-dependent pathway that begins with insulin binding to its receptor (IRS) and the phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues in IRS.…”

Section: The Acute Effects Of Exercise In Facilitating Greater Glucose Uptake By the Skeletal Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, exercise can provide an alternate pathway to increase glucose uptake and lessen blood hyperglycemia in insulin resistant individuals. In addition, the release of myokines during exercise, such as irisin, interleukin (IL)-15, IL-7, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and myonectin, also plays an anti-inflammatory role [32].…”

Section: The Acute Effects Of Exercise In Facilitating Greater Glucose Uptake By the Skeletal Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Regular exercise is important for a healthy pregnancy and can lower the risk of developing GDM. For women with GDM, exercise is safe and can affect the pregnancy outcomes beneficially. A single exercise bout increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, minimizing hyperglycemia. Regular exercise training promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, improves oxidative capacity, enhances insulin sensitivity and vascular function, and reduces systemic inflammation. Exercise may also aid in lowering the insulin dose in insulin-treated pregnant women. Despite these benefits, women with GDM are usually inactive or have poor participation in exercise training. Attractive individualized exercise programs that will increase adherence and result in optimal maternal and offspring benefits are needed. However, as women with GDM have a unique physiology, more attention is required during exercise prescription. This review (i) summarizes the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations due to pregnancy and outlines the mechanisms through which exercise can improve glycemic control and overall health in insulin resistance states, (ii) presents the pathophysiological alterations induced by GDM that affect exercise responses, and (iii) highlights cardinal points of an exercise program for women with GDM.

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Section: The Acute Effects Of Exercise In Facilitating Greater Glucose Uptake By the Skeletal Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Acute Effects Of Exercise In Facilitating Greater Glucose Uptake By the Skeletal Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

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“…It is also the regulator of glucose homeostasis, responsible for 80% of postprandial glucose uptake from the circulation. Skeletal muscle is essential for metabolism, both for its role in glucose uptake and its importance in exercise and metabolic disease [ 125 ]. Human skeletal muscles express significant amounts of CBS and CSE, whereas mouse skeletal muscles completely lack these enzymes [ 126 ].…”

Section: The Possible Role Of H 2 S On Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of H2S on Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disturbances

Comas

Moreno-Navarrete

2021

Antioxidants

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Over the last several decades, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has gained attention as a new signaling molecule, with extensive physiological and pathophysiological roles in human disorders affecting vascular biology, immune functions, cellular survival, metabolism, longevity, development, and stress resistance. Apart from its known functions in oxidative stress and inflammation, new evidence has emerged revealing that H2S carries out physiological functions by targeting proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors through a post-translational modification known as persulfidation. This review article provides a critical overview of the current state of the literature addressing the role of H2S in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, with particular emphasis on its mechanisms of action in obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases.

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“…Skeletal muscles are essential for the maintenance of body's integrity and health. Failure in muscle homeostasis leads to physiological integrity impairment, which contributes to chronic pathologies such as cachexia, metabolic and respiratory diseases, chronic inflammation, liver cirrhosis, and sarcopenia [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Muscle deficiency involves detrimental changes including deteriorations of cell metabolism and loss of muscle volume and strength, resulting in poor physical performance and quality of life [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth and Organelle Biosynthesis: Practical Recommendations for Exercise Training

Solsona

Pavlin

Bernardi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The regulation of skeletal muscle mass and organelle homeostasis is dependent on the capacity of cells to produce proteins and to recycle cytosolic portions. In this investigation, the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mass regulation—especially those associated with proteosynthesis and with the production of new organelles—are presented. Thus, the critical roles of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and its regulators are reviewed. In addition, the importance of ribosome biogenesis, satellite cells involvement, myonuclear accretion, and some major epigenetic modifications related to protein synthesis are discussed. Furthermore, several studies conducted on the topic of exercise training have recognized the central role of both endurance and resistance exercise to reorganize sarcomeric proteins and to improve the capacity of cells to build efficient organelles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations to exercise training are presented throughout this review and practical recommendations for exercise prescription are provided. A better understanding of the aforementioned cellular pathways is essential for both healthy and sick people to avoid inefficient prescriptions and to improve muscle function with emergent strategies (e.g., hypoxic training). Finally, current limitations in the literature and further perspectives, notably on epigenetic mechanisms, are provided to encourage additional investigations on this topic.

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Role of Skeletal Muscle in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Uptake

Cited by 306 publications

References 359 publications

Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

The Impact of H2S on Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disturbances

Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth and Organelle Biosynthesis: Practical Recommendations for Exercise Training

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