Role of Social Distancing, Hand Hygiene and Wearing Mask in Controlling COVID-19 Pandemic: A review

Swain, Santosh Kumar; Jena, Pragnya Paramita; Das, Somadatta

doi:10.24083/apjhm.v17i1.629

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In addition, this paper also explores the relationships between family economic status and two binary variables that reflect the quality of hygiene and cleanliness (whether the mask is individually wrapped), and the quality of aesthetics and design (whether the mask has the fashionable and attractive unique pattern or special design) (see the Supplementary material 2). The two variables are chosen because the issue of hygiene and cleanliness in mask wearing is also a key step to lower the transmission during pandemic (60), and mask's appearance has become an important factor in people's choice of buying or using masks (61,62). For the two variables, yes was coded 1, and no was coded 0 (see Table 1).…”

Section: Study Sample and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden inequality: the disparities in the quality of daily use masks associated with family economic status

Hua,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Wearing high-quality masks plays a critical role in reducing COVID-19 transmission. However, no study has investigated socioeconomic inequality in the quality of masks. Addressing this gap, this paper explored the relationships between mask’s quality and family economic status. The cross-sectional survey was conducted in two Chinese universities by distributing structured questionnaires to assess participants’ characteristics including family economic status, and meanwhile collecting their masks to evaluate the quality by measuring particle filtration efficiency. The valid responses were obtained from 912 students with mean age of 19.556 ± 1.453 years and were analyzed by using fractional or binary logistic regression. Three main findings were presented. First, inequality existed in the quality of masks. 36.07% of students were using unqualified masks with average filtration efficiency of 0.795 ± 0.119, which was much lower than China’s national standard (0.9). Of those masks with identified production date, 11.43% were manufactured during COVID-19 outbreak when market was flooded with counterfeit production, and thus were of poor quality with average filtration efficiency of 0.819 ± 0.152. Second, better family economic status was associated with better masks’ filtration efficiency and greater probability of using qualified masks. Third, students with better family economic status tend to use masks with individual packaging, and unique patterns and special designs, which may lead to inequality on a psychological level. Our analysis reveals the hidden socioeconomic inequality that exist behind cheap masks. In facing the challenges of future emerging infectious diseases, it is important to address the inequity to ensure equal access to affordable qualified personal protection equipment.

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Section: Study Sample and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden inequality: the disparities in the quality of daily use masks associated with family economic status

Hua,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Mucor infection can be fatal in children and can spread rapidly, resulting in necrosis of tissue. 17 Many cases of fungal infections, invasiveness, bony dissemination and pulmonary spread have been reported. Clinical features and presentation vary depending upon the organ involved and extension of mucormycosis.…”

Section: Definition and Pathogenesis Of Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical features and presentation vary depending upon the organ involved and extension of mucormycosis. [15][16][17] One cause for the high number of mucormycosis cases in India might be that during the second COVID wave, the majority of the population was infected, and cases were significantly more prevalent in India than in other nations. According to the WHO, the prevalence of mucormycosis in India is 140 per million people, nearly 80 times higher than in developed countries.…”

Section: Definition and Pathogenesis Of Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Though the reasons are multifactorial, it has been thought that prolonged hospital stay, liberal use of steroids, diabetes, steroid-induced hyperglycaemia and low immunity are the reasons for getting so many mucor infections. 17,18 According to some infectious disease experts, one of the causes of mucormycosis is contaminated industrial oxygen supply. The reason for this is that, owing to oxygen scarcity during the second COVID wave, hospitals used industrial oxygen instead…”

Section: Definition and Pathogenesis Of Mucormycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial symptoms may be headache, nasal congestion, nasal crusting, pain and loss of sensation and numbness over the face, black discolouration over the face or orbital pain and difficulty. 10,11,15,17 When the dissemination occurs, it may result in paralysis, seizures, features of intracranial involvement, focal deficit, visual loss, osteomyelitis and necrosis of the bones involved. 20 Fungal infections are more common in tissues that have localised hypoxia, which creates a microenvironment of low oxygen level, leading to the growth of hyphae.…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy : A new Evolving Future Perspective for Management of Mucormycosis and COVID 19 in Children in Developing Countries

Lakra¹,

Taksande²,

Lakhkar³

et al. 2022

J. Nepal Paedtr. Soc.

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The SARS COVID-19 virus has arisen as a major hazard to mankind, posing harm to the whole world population. During the second COVID wave, mucormycosis has emerged as one of the deadliest and most devastating illnesses. Mucormycosis is strongly associated with diabetes, prolonged use of steroids, prolonged hospitalisation and immunocompromised states. Children have also been affected by this badly. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a non-invasive, cost-effective and painless therapy where 100% oxygen is given to patients under high atmospheric pressure in small tents or chambers. It helps in tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. Hyperbaric oxygen has proved to be effective in the treatment of oculo-rhino-cerebral mucormycosis. Various studies have proved its role in the management of mucormycosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection. The advantages of hyperbaric oxygen are same in children as in adults with minimum side effects. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be one of the good adjunctive therapies in the management of mucormycosis. It is found to be safe in the treatment of COVID-19 infection, but data is still limited on its use and further studies are needed. This article is all about its use, its efficacy, and future perspectives in the management of mucormycosis and COVID-19 in view of the arrival of the third COVID wave in developing countries like India.

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Role of Social Distancing, Hand Hygiene and Wearing Mask in Controlling COVID-19 Pandemic: A review

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The hidden inequality: the disparities in the quality of daily use masks associated with family economic status

The hidden inequality: the disparities in the quality of daily use masks associated with family economic status

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy : A new Evolving Future Perspective for Management of Mucormycosis and COVID 19 in Children in Developing Countries

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