Role of solid lubricants/sulfide mix in brake performance for automotive applications—a review

Abstract

Friction materials play a crucial role in the safe movement of automobiles and the protection of human life. As the pad slides against its mating partner, the kinetic energy is transferred into frictional heat. The developed friction at the interface causes the vehicle to slow down as its momentum is dissipated as heat in the pads and rotors. Further, it causes the degradation of the binder and thus the stability of the friction coefficient becomes questionable. Therefore, the role of solid lubricants comes to the scenario which tends to mitigate the abrasion. It is noticed that the sulfide mix composites delay the thermal degradation of the binder by increasing its oxidation resistance. Some researchers have achieved this by blending various resins. Further, solid lubricants have a good third body and secondary film-forming ability and thus they reduced the wear, due to their excellent adhesion properties to the metal substrate. Hence, this review focused on the role of different solid lubricants and sulfide mix/sulfide blend in the stabilization of friction coefficient and controlling the wear.

A comparative study of original equipment manufacturer brake pads using tribological testing and hybrid ranking for enhanced decision making and cost effectiveness

“…So, to cross verify this, two trend-setting parameters were assigned such as the less time to reach maximum temperature will have more wear and more time to reach maximum temperature will have less wear, obviously was a scientific principle which was already narrated. 27,28 If the parameter is absorbed in such a way for less time to reach maximum temperature and less wear means, then the formulation is an outstanding one among the brake pads chosen for study. According to the above-said parameters, Figure 7 was interpreted.…”

Comparative study of sintered and composite brake pad for wind turbine applications

“…19 Thus the synergetic effect of graphite and antimony trioxide was resisted the wear by forming third body film on mating surfaces, providing smoother engagement and also the anti-seizure characteristics. 20 Moreover, the graphite was used in flake form, which improved the lubrication properties and can be seen as grey graphite in matrix, which increases the thermal conductivity of MMC.…”

“…In addition, the synergetic effect of graphite and antimony trioxide also tends to form a third body film at mating surfaces to stabilize the friction. 20 However, it is noticed a slight fluctuation in friction during fade cycles. It can be attributed to abrasives such as zirconium silicate and SiC, which is cleaned the oxide film from drum surface.…”

State of the art on challenges for friction material manufacturers – raw materials, regulations, environmental, and NVH aspects

“…Each metal sulfides have different structures with different oxidation range and hence, synergetic effect of sulfides is useful rather than the usage of individual sulfides in formulation. [42][43][44] Fillers are used to fill up the volume and cut down the cost They also play a major role in strengthening of friction composite and can also be called as strengtheners. The choice of filler depends upon the other ingredients used in formulation and the type of friction material like metallic pad, semi-metallic pad, organic and ceramic pad.…”

“…It has shown similar chemistry of drum/rotor makes faster bedding. 42 It has reduced initial bite (Scorching effect) and prevents green fade. Further, it controls the rotor/drum deposit build up.…”