Role of some growth regulators on cytogenetic activity of barley under salt stress

Abstract

The effects of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), kinetin (KIN), benzyladenine and ethylene (E) on mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations in root tips of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ''Bülbül 89'') germinated under salt stress were investigated. It was determined that all of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) decreased mitotic index in root tips of barley seeds germinated at 20°C and in distilled water. Furthermore, some of the PGRs studied increased significantly the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in seeds treated with E and KIN was considerably higher than in the seeds germinated under nonstress conditions. The inhibitory effect of salt stress on mitotic index increased with increasing salt concentration (0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 molal, m). GA 3 and KIN pretreatments showed a successful performance in ameliorating the negative effects of increasing salinity on mitotic activity. The number of chromosomal aberrations also increased with increasing NaCl concentration. However, most of the PGR pretreatments studied alleviated the detrimental effects of increasing salinity on chromosomal aberrations. KIN pretreatment at 0.30 and 0.35 m salinity could not rescued the cytogenetic activity of salt stress on this parameter.

The Effects of <i>Aloe vera</i> L. Leaf Extract on Some Physiological and Cytogenetical Parameters in <i>Allium cepa</i> L. Seeds Germinated under Salt Stress

“…What s more, some growth regulators may particularly cause mitotic irregularities, cell distortions and chromosomal aberrations even without stress conditions (Ünal et al 2002, Tabur and Demir 2009, 2010a. Although numerous researchers in recent years declared that some commonly used plant extracts have significant mutagenic action (Palanikumar et al 2011, Fatemeh and Khosro 2012, Eren and Özata 2014, Kalpana et al 2014, Karaismailoğlu 2014, Siddiqui 2014, there are limited studies relating to the effects of AvLE on the mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations under normal conditions (İlbaş et al 2012, Alege andOjomah 2014).…”

“…The inhibitory effects of salt stress on mitotic activity have been known for a long time (Katsuhara and Kawasaki 1996, Lutsenko et al 2005, Radic et al 2005, Tabur and Demir 2009, 2010a. On the other hand, the detrimental effects of salt stress on chromosomal abnormalities have recently begun to be studied (Radic et al 2005, Tabur and Demir 2009, 2010a.…”

“…On the other hand, the detrimental effects of salt stress on chromosomal abnormalities have recently begun to be studied (Radic et al 2005, Tabur and Demir 2009, 2010a. According to some researchers, high salt concentration causes total inhibition of mitotic activity and chromosomal abnormalities in root-tip cells (Radic et al 2005, Tajbakhsh et al 2006.…”

Allium cepa root meristem cells under osmotic (sorbitol) and salt (NaCl) stress in vitro

“…The effect of NaCl-induced stress has been investigated mostly in cereals, and results show that concentrations greater than 300 mM cause serious damage at the cellular level and lead to cell death (Munns and Tester 2008, Yumurtaci et al 2009, Tabur and Demir 2010. Lower concentrations of NaCl reduced root growth, which was also reflected in the reduction of the size of the root meristem (Hanif andDavies 1998, Zadeh 2007).…”

The Potential Role of Osmotic Pressure to Exogenous Application of Phytohormones on Crop Plants Grown under Different Osmotic Stress

“…Biotic stress may be caused by numerous factors such as drought, salinity, cold, high temperature, alkalinity, heavy metal, air pollution and radiation [1]- [4]. Also, salinity has a deleterious effect on enzyme activity [5], nucleic acids, protein synthesis [6] and cell division [7]. However, plant species differ in their sensitivity or tolerance to salt stress [8].…”