Role of Spillover and Spillback in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and the Importance of One Health in Understanding the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sparrer, McKenzie N; Hodges, Natasha; Sherman, Tyler; VandeWoude, Sue; Bosco‐Lauth, Angela M.; Mayo, Christie E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01610-22

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This βCoV strain appears to have directly jumped from bats to pigs in China [ 138 , 139 , 140 ]. The existence of spillover, spillback, and secondary spillover has been confirmed in SARS-CoV-2 [ 141 ], demonstrating the wide range of hosts and ongoing transmission events observed in domestic, captive, and wild animals. This underscores the urgent need for further research into animal coronaviruses.…”

Section: Spillover Event and Cross-species Potential Of Animal Corona...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses

Si,

Yu,

Dong

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large class of positively stranded RNA viruses that pose a significant threat to public health, livestock farming, and wild animals. These viruses have the ability to cross species barriers and cause devastating epidemics. Animals are considered to be intermediate hosts for many coronaviruses, and many animal coronaviruses also have the potential for cross-species transmission to humans. Therefore, controlling the epidemic transmission of animal coronaviruses is of great importance to human health. Vaccination programs have proven to be effective in controlling coronaviruses infections, offering a cost-effective approach to reducing morbidity and mortality, so the re-emergence of lethal coronaviruses emphasizes the urgent need for the development of effective vaccines. In this regard, we explore the progress in animal coronavirus vaccine development, covering the latest taxonomy of the main animal coronaviruses, spillover events, diverse vaccine development platforms, potential main targets for animal coronavirus vaccine development, and primary challenges facing animal coronavirus vaccines. We emphasize the urgent need to create a “dual-effect” vaccine capable of eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses. The goal is to highlight the contributions of veterinary scientists in this field and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between the veterinary and medical communities. By promoting communication and cooperation, we can enhance the development of novel and super vaccines to combat human and animal coronavirus infections in the future.

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Section: Spillover Event and Cross-species Potential Of Animal Corona...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses

Si,

Yu,

Dong

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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“…and Mustela sp.) have been reported to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and reports provide evidence of bidirectional animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission of the virus in infected farmed minks in several countries [ 31 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. The initial infection in minks started from the infected humans, and the virus has rapidly spread in mink farms with factors associated with mink age, farm distance, size, and infected workers [ 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Natural Infection In Companion and Farm Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A SARS-CoV-2: Companion Animal Transmission and Variants Classification

Pandit

Matthews

2023

Pathogens

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The continuous emergence of novel viruses and their diseases are a threat to global public health as there have been three outbreaks of coronaviruses that are highly pathogenic to humans in the span of the last two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV in 2012, and novel SARS-CoV-2 which emerged in 2019. The unprecedented spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide has given rise to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that have either altered transmissibility, infectivity, or immune escaping ability, causing diseases in a broad range of animals including human and non-human hosts such as companion, farm, zoo, or wild animals. In this review, we have discussed the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, potential animal reservoirs, and natural infections in companion and farm animals, with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2 variants. The expeditious development of COVID-19 vaccines and the advancements in antiviral therapeutics have contained the COVID-19 pandemic to some extent; however, extensive research and surveillance concerning viral epidemiology, animal transmission, variants, or seroprevalence in diverse hosts are essential for the future eradication of COVID-19.

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“…There are many documented instances of cross-s pecies jumping and zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses (reviewed in ref [ 13 ]). It is generally accepted that most human coronaviruses originated in related bat coronaviruses [ 14–16 ] with infection of several mammalian intermediate hosts [ 17–20 ] leading to zoonotic spillover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19

Kirk,

Liang,

2024

Virulence

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Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.

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Role of Spillover and Spillback in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and the Importance of One Health in Understanding the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses

Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses

A SARS-CoV-2: Companion Animal Transmission and Variants Classification

Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19

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