Role of Superoxide as a Signaling Molecule

Abstract

Superoxide is known to affect vascular physiology in several ways and has also been recognized to contribute significantly to vascular physiopathology. Here we discuss the emerging role of superoxide as an essential signaling molecule in normal physiology.

NADPH oxidases in lung biology and pathology: Host defense enzymes, and more

“…In addition to H 2 O 2 , the primary product of NOX activation, O 2 •− , may also directly participate in NOX-mediated signaling (60). For example, NOX-dependent O 2 •− can regulate cell signaling by reaction with nitric oxide (NO • ), thereby reducing its bioactivity and generating peroxynitrite (ONOO − ), a powerful oxidant that can regulate protein function by unique oxidative modifications (61)(62)(63).…”

Mechanisms of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells

“…O 2 ·-is also utilized for intracellular signaling including activation of the ras/racRaf1-MAPK pathway (Brandes 2003;Buetler et al 2004) and angiotensin II signaling in vascular cells (Griendling et al 2000b). O 2 ·-also stimulates the release of intracellular Fe 2+ stores (Wolin 2000), allowing for the formation of OH· through the reaction of H 2 O 2…”

Short communication: effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on some biomarkers of oxidative stress in weaned rabbits during the hot-dry season

“…In addition, growth processes in early life are characterised by the generation of ROS through cellular division and apoptosis. This is because ROS are considered the major mediators of oxygen cytotoxicity and are important messengers stimulating cell division and manifesting cellular signalling effects (Buetler et al, 2004). The findings of the present study indicate that yeast supplementation decreased oxidative stress and, consequently, ROS-mediated tissue damage by increasing the activity of CAT to cope with the increased ROS generated growth and other processes.…”