Role of the Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus)in the Epidemiology of Urban Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil

Alexander, Bruce; Carvalho, Renata; McCallum, Hamish; Pereira, Marcos H.

doi:10.3201/eid0812.010485

Cited by 144 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The role of chicken houses in attracting and maintaining sand fl y populations has been discussed (Alexander et al 2002), possibly indicating that these artifi cial shelters may be an important reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis focus in human surroundings. Chicken rearing is a very common activity among the inhabitants of Maranhão (Dias et al 2003) and the presence of animals in the peridomicile, along with other environmental elements, is thought to be a risk factor for visceral leishmaniasis transmission (Moreno et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cerrado area of the Maranhão state, Brazil

Silva¹,

Carvalho²,

Cardozo³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cerrado area of the Maranhão state, Brazil

Silva¹,

Carvalho²,

Cardozo³

et al. 2010

Neotrop. entomol.

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“…Chickens are not reservoirs, but they represent a nutrition source for phlebotomine sandflies, dogs, foxes and marsupials, which are natural reservoirs for VL transmission. In addition, domestic animals contribute towards the accumulation of organic matter, which is associated with the development of the larva of the vector 26 . The presence of chicken coops in peridomestic areas was correlated with diagnoses of high seropositivity among dogs throughout the municipality, thus demonstrating the role of chickens as promoters of high sandfly densities.…”

Section: References Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors for canine visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Dias D'Ávila, State of Bahia, Brazil

Oliveira

Araújo

Alves

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important zoonosis in relation to public health systems. Dogs are the main domestic reservoir. This study aimed to investigate occurrences of canine VL in Dias D' Ávila, State of Bahia, Brazil. Methods: The prevalence was evaluated by means of clinical and laboratory tests on a population of 312 domestic dogs from 23 localities in this municipality, using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic assays. Results: Among the animals examined, 3.2% and 6.7% showed signs of VL, confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic assays, respectively, with a distribution of 29.9% (24 dogs) in the rural zone and 4.9% (288 dogs) in the urban zone (p = 0.001). The clinical evaluation on seropositive dogs showed both asymptomatic animals (2.4%) and symptomatic animals (47.6%), along with other abnormalities (e.g. normocytic and normochromic anemia, with leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia). Observations relating to phenotypic characteristics (e.g. sex, age, breed and hair) did not present statistical significance, although high seropositivity among male, short-haired and mixed-breed dogs was observed. Conclusions: The findings showed that VL was a predominantly rural zoonosis and that close contact between poultry and domestic dogs significantly increased the risk of canine infection in this region.

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“…The attraction of phlebotomines to hens has been fully established. Lutzomyia longipalpis promptly fed on hens and the abundance of these organisms in henhouses have epidemiologic importance considering VL occurrence 26,27 .…”

Section: Anthropogenic Parameters Of Ecological Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs and the relationship with environmental and sanitary aspects in the municipality of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil

Bigeli

Junior

Teles³

2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to identify the presence of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs in the City of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, using the PCR technique to list the hot spots of infected dogs in the city and associate their occurrence to significant environmental changes at capture sites. METHODS: DNA was extracted from blood of dogs, and the PCR were performed with primers RV1/RV2. After screening the population studied, the regions of the city that had the highest occurrence of canine infection were detected. These sites were visited, and ecological parameters denoting anthropogenic disturbance were evaluated. RESULTS: Some important features were listed in the regions visited, such as low urbanization, lack of public collection of sewage, limited garbage collection, vacant lots with tall vegetation, decaying organic matter, and, most importantly, the occurrence of stray dogs and poultry in homes. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology for screening the population was very efficient, especially in evaluating a large number of individuals in a short time, with a high degree of automation. The results indicate an association between the observed parameters and the occurrence of infection in dogs. The model presented in the city is ideal for studies of disease progression and expansion and for the evaluation of control measures adopted for canine VL.

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Role of the Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus)in the Epidemiology of Urban Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil

Cited by 144 publications

References 38 publications

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cerrado area of the Maranhão state, Brazil

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cerrado area of the Maranhão state, Brazil

Seroprevalence and risk factors for canine visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Dias D'Ávila, State of Bahia, Brazil

Diagnosis of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs and the relationship with environmental and sanitary aspects in the municipality of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil

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