Role of the hippocampus in blocking and conditioned inhibition of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.

Solomon, Paul R.

doi:10.1037/h0077330

Cited by 469 publications

(237 citation statements)

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“…However, several studies have identified structures that are not involved in conditioned inhibition. Lesions of the hippocampus or removal of the neocortex do not disrupt conditioned inhibition acquisition or retention (Moore, Yeo, Oakley, Russell, 1980;Solomon, 1977;Yeo, Hardiman, Moore, & Russell, 1983). Mis (1977) found that stimulation of the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, or anterior red nucleus inhibited CR production, and lesions of these areas prevented acquisition of conditioned inhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockade of GABAA receptors in the interpositus nucleus modulates expression of conditioned excitation but not conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink response

Nolan

Nicholson

Freeman

2002

Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science

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The cerebellum and related brainstem structures are essential for excitatory eyeblink conditioning. Recent evidence indicates that the cerebellar interpositus and lateral pontine nuclei may also play critical roles in conditioned inhibition (CI) of the eyeblink response. The current study examined the role of GABAergic inhibition of the interpositus nucleus in retention of CI. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with a cannula positioned just above or in the anterior interpositus nucleus before training. The rats were trained with two different tones and a light as conditioned stimuli, and a periorbital shock as the unconditioned stimulus. CI training consisted of four phases: 1) excitatory conditioning (8 kHz tone paired with shock); 2) feature-negative discrimination (2 kHz tone paired with shock or 2 kHz tone concurrent with light); 3) summation test (8 kHz tone or 8 kHz tone concurrent with light); and 4) retardation test (light paired with shock). After reaching a criterion level of performance on the feature-negative discrimination (40% discrimination), 0.5 μl picrotoxin (a GABA A receptor antagonist) was infused at one of four concentrations, each concentration infused during separate test sessions. Picrotoxin transiently impaired conditioned responses during trials with the excitatory stimulus (tone) in a dose-dependent manner, but did not significantly impact responding to the inhibitory compound stimulus (tone-light). The results suggest that expression of conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink conditioned response does not require GABAergic inhibition of neurons in the anterior interpositus nucleus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockade of GABAA receptors in the interpositus nucleus modulates expression of conditioned excitation but not conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink response

Nolan

Nicholson

Freeman

2002

Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science

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“…Supporting O'Keefe and Nadel's (1978) theory, conditioned inhibition seems to be absent only when it is mediated through the place or context in which the animal is trained (Micco & Schwartz, 1971), but not when it is mediated through a second CS (Solomon, 1977).…”

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confidence: 75%

“…Later on, this attentional control was proposed to underlie the psychological function of internal inhibition (Douglas, 1972;Douglas & Pribram, 1966;Kimble, 1968). The internal inhibition hypotheses find serious difficulties in the fact that hippocampal ablations do not affect the formation of conditioned inhibition when training consisted of a stimulus A, always reinforced, interspersed with stimuli A and B, always nonreinforced (Solomon, 1977). However, when the CS and the context signaled the absence of the US and the context alone signaled its presence (Micco & Schwartz, 1971), the development of conditioned inhibition was impaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solomon (1979): Temporal Map Solomon and Moore (1975) found that latent inhibition was absent after hippocampal lesions. Moreover, they found that hippocampectomy attenuated the blocking effect (Rickert et al, 1978;Solomon, 1977) and caused the absence of overshadowing (Rickert et al, 1979). In 1978, Berger, Alger, and Thompson found that unit activity recordings from the dorsal hippocampus seemed to form a temporal model of the response of the nictitating membrane in the rabbit during acquisition of classical conditioning.…”

Section: Theories Of Hippocampal Function 167mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This view is supported by the absence of latent inhibition (Solomon & Moore, 1975) and the deficits in blocking (Solomon, 1977) following hippocampallesions, tasks that do not seem to depend on spatial strategies. O'Keefe, Nadel, and Wilner (1979) argued, in response to Solomon, that classical conditioning involves spatial strategies because animals build up "place hypotheses" during conditioning, thereby defining the context in which it occurs.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Psychological theories of hippocampal function

Schmajuk

1984

Psychobiology

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Theories and models of the hippocampus have typically linked this structure to various psychological processes, for example, internal inhibition, response inhibition, attentional shift, attentional "tuning out," recognition memory, long-term memory selection, contextual retrieval, spatial memory, working memory, and chunking. Predictions made from various models are contrasted with reproducible hippocampal lesion data obtained from various experimental paradigms: habituation to novelty, acquisition, extinction, discrimination reversal, spontaneous alternation, latent inhibition, blocking, overshadowing, passive avoidance, maze learning, working memory procedures, latent learning, retrograde spatial memory, and conditioned inhibition. No single model correctly predicts all the empirical evidence. It is suggested that the hippocampal function, rather than subserving a unitary psychological function, might be better described as a computational-representational activity.

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Enriched environment increases neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus and improves spatial memory

et al. 1999

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The fetal and even the young brain possesses a considerable degree of plasticity. The plasticity and rate of neurogenesis in the adult brain is much less pronounced. The present study was conducted to investigate whether housing conditions affect neurogenesis, learning, and memory in adult rats. Three-monthold rats housed either in isolation or in an enriched environment were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect proliferation among progenitor cells and to follow their fate in the dentate gyrus. The rats were sacrificed either 1 day or 4 weeks after BrdU injections. This experimental paradigm allows for discrimination between proliferative effects and survival effects on the newborn progenitors elicited by different housing conditions. The number of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus was not altered 1 day after BrdU injections. In contrast, the number of surviving progenitors 1 month after BrdU injections was markedly increased in animals housed in an enriched environment. The relative ratio of neurogenesis and gliogenesis was not affected by environmental conditions, as estimated by double-labeling immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against BrdU and either the neuronal marker calbindin D28k or the glial marker GFAp, resulting in a net increase in neurogenesis in animals housed in an enriched environment. Furthermore, we show that adult rats housed in an enriched environment show improved performance in a spatial learning test. The results suggest that environmental cues can enhance neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal region, which is associated with improved spatial memory.

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Role of the hippocampus in blocking and conditioned inhibition of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.

Abstract: Bilateral aspiration of the dorsal hippocampus produced a disruption of blocking of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response in Kamin's two-stage paradigm (Experiment 1), but had no effect on the formation of a Pavlovian conditioned inhibitor, (Experiment 2).

Cited by 469 publications

References 43 publications

Blockade of GABAA receptors in the interpositus nucleus modulates expression of conditioned excitation but not conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink response

Blockade of GABAA receptors in the interpositus nucleus modulates expression of conditioned excitation but not conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink response

Psychological theories of hippocampal function

Enriched environment increases neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus and improves spatial memory

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