Role of the self-image and smoker stereotype in smoking onset during early adolescence: A longitudinal study.

Aloise-Young, Patricia A.; Hennigan, Karen M.; Graham, John W.

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.15.6.494

Cited by 87 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…One study demonstrated that many of the reasons given by Navy recruits about why they started smoking during their first year in the service were related to social image: “to show I wasn’t afraid,” “to want to be cool,” and “to look like an adult” (Cronan et al, 1991). Other studies have found that image-related attributions were consistently important for smoking across ages (Stanton & Silva, 1993), were more important among females than among males (Barton, Chassin, Presson, & Sherman, 1982), and predicted future cigarette smoking (Aloise-Young, Hennigan, & Graham, 1996). Consistent with previous findings in Western cultural contexts, this study indicates that Chinese adolescents perceived social image as an important reason for their smoking as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive attributions for smoking among adolescents in China

Guo

Unger

Azen

et al. 2010

Addictive Behaviors

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To design more effective health communication messages for smoking cessation and prevention, it is important to understand people's own perceptions of the factors that influence their decisions to smoke. Studies have examined cognitive attributions for smoking in Western countries but not in the Chinese cultural context. In a study of 14,434 Chinese adolescents, exploratory factor analysis grouped 17 cognitive attributions into 8 factors: curiosity, coping, social image, social belonging, engagement, autonomy, mental enhancement, and weight control. The factors were ranked based on the participants' self-reports of importance and by the strength of their associations with smoking behavior. Among all smokers, curiosity was the most frequently-ranked attribution factor at the early stages of smoking but not for daily smoking. Coping was highly-ranked across smoking stages. Social image and social belonging were more highly-ranked at earlier stages, whereas engagement and mental enhancement were ranked more highly at later stages of smoking. More attributions were associated with smoking among males than among females. This information could be useful for the development of evidence-based anti-smoking programs in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive attributions for smoking among adolescents in China

Guo

Unger

Azen

et al. 2010

Addictive Behaviors

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“…To the extent that smoking portrayals are consistent with adolescents' actual or ideal self images or a prototype of the ideal group member (that is, being cool), adolescents will be motivated to smoke to align self perceptions with personal ideals 2728 31 32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favourite movie stars, their tobacco use in contemporary movies, and its association with adolescent smoking

Tickle

2001

Tob Control

139

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Objective-To assess the relation between adolescents' favourite movie stars, the portrayal of tobacco use by those stars in contemporary motion pictures, and adolescent smoking. Design and setting-632 students (sixth to 12th grade, ages 10-19 years) from five rural New England public schools completed a voluntary, self administered survey in October 1996. The survey assessed tobacco use, other variables associated with adolescent smoking, and favourite movie star. In addition, tobacco use by 43 selected movie stars was measured in films between 1994 and 1996. Outcome measures-Students were categorised into an ordinal five point index (tobacco status) based on their smoking behaviour and their smoking susceptibility: non-susceptible never smokers, susceptible never smokers, non-current experimenters, current experimenters, and smokers. We determined the adjusted cumulative odds of having advanced smoking status based on the amount of on-screen tobacco use by their favourite film star. Results-Of the 43 stars, 65% used tobacco at least once, and 42% portrayed smoking as an essential character trait in one or more films. Stars who smoked more than twice in a film were considered smokers. For adolescents whose favourite stars smoked in only one film, the odds of being higher on the smoking index was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 1.15). For adolescents whose favourite stars smoked in two films, the odds of being higher on the smoking index was 1.5 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.32). For adolescents whose favourite stars smoked in three or more films (Leonardo DiCaprio, Sharon Stone, John Travolta), the odds of being higher on the smoking index was 3.1 (95% CI 1.34 to 7.12). Among never smokers (n = 281), those who chose stars who were smokers in three or more films were much more likely to have favourable attitudes toward smoking (adjusted odds ratio 16.2, 95% CI 2.3 to 112). Conclusions-Adolescents who choose movie stars who use tobacco on-screen are significantly more likely to have an advanced smoking status and more favourable attitudes toward smoking than adolescents who choose non-smoking stars. This finding supports the proposition that the portrayal of tobacco use in contemporary motion pictures, particularly by stars who are admired by adolescents, contributes to adolescent smoking. (Tobacco Control 2001;10:16-22)

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“…Attribution research has been conducted to address cigarette smoking, a public health problem worldwide, among adolescents (Allbutt, Amos, & Cunningham-Burley, 1995; Aloise-Young, Hennigan, & Graham, 1996; Barton, Chassin, Presson, & Sherman, 1982; Cronan, Conway, & Kaszas, 1991; Kleinke, Staneski, & Meeker, 1983; McGee & Stanton, 1993; Rugkasa et al, 2001; Sarason, Mankowski, Peterson, & Dinh, 1992; Stanton, Mahalski, McGee, & Silva, 1993; Treacy et al, 2007). However, although previous attribution studies have identified self-reported cognitive attributions for smoking, they did not report whether those attributions were truly correlated with actual smoking behaviors, nor did they examine whether the attributions influenced future smoking behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cognitive attributions for smoking in subsequent smoking progression and regression among adolescents in China

Guo

Unger

Palmer

et al. 2013

Addictive Behaviors

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Previous studies have documented that cognitive attributions are correlated with adolescent smoking. The present study further explored whether cognitive attributions for smoking influenced adolescents’ future smoking behaviors, especially transitions to more advanced stages of smoking. Participants were 12,382 middle and high school students (48.5% males and 51.5% females) in seven large cities in China. They completed two waves of surveys one year apart. Cognitive attributions for smoking and three smoking behavior outcomes (lifetime smoking, past 30-day smoking, and daily smoking) were assessed. Changes in smoking, including progression from lower stages to higher stages and regression from higher stages to lower stages, over a one-year period, were defined longitudinally. Polychotomous logistic regression was used to examine associations between cognitive attributions for smoking and changes in smoking status over one year, adjusting for demographic characteristics and other plausible confounders. Seven out of eight cognitive attributions for smoking were associated with subsequent smoking behaviors (p<0.05). Curiosity, autonomy, social image, social belonging, and coping influenced earlier stages of smoking, whereas mental enhancement and engagement influenced later stages of smoking. Curiosity, autonomy, social image, and mental enhancement preceded smoking progression; social belonging prevented smoking regression; and coping and engagement both preceded smoking progression and prevented smoking regression. This study demonstrates that different cognitive attributions influence smoking at different stages in different ways. These findings could inform smoking prevention and cessation programs targeting Chinese adolescents.

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Role of the self-image and smoker stereotype in smoking onset during early adolescence: A longitudinal study.

Cited by 87 publications

References 12 publications

Cognitive attributions for smoking among adolescents in China

Cognitive attributions for smoking among adolescents in China

Favourite movie stars, their tobacco use in contemporary movies, and its association with adolescent smoking

The role of cognitive attributions for smoking in subsequent smoking progression and regression among adolescents in China

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