Role of TLR-4(896A/G) Gene polymorphisms in patients with Diabetic foot ulcer

Abstract

Background: One of the most prevalent and dangerous consequences of diabetes, diabetic foot ulcers enhance bacterial resistance to a variety of antibiotics while also causing substantial morbidity and mortality in patients. The study aims to confirm whether whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR-4(896A/G) genes are associated with Diabetic foot ulcer in terms of risk, and severity.
 Methods: Eighty eight samples were included in the current study ranging in their age from 20 to 67 and comprising 22 control subjects, 22 diabetic patients, and 44 diabetic foot ulcer patients who attended to Central Diabetic Foot) in Najaf governorate between December 2021 and March 2022.
 Results: According to this study, male are more likely to get diabetic foot ulcers than female, and people in the age range of 51 to 60 are more likely (39%).The genotyping of Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4) 896A/G (rs4986790) gene revealed three genotypes; the wild homozygous AA type, the heterozygous AG and the homozygous GG type. The frequency for these three types in diabetic foot patients were (2.3%, 65.9% and 31.8%) respectively, while diabetes patients were (27.3%, 13.6 % and 59.1%) respectively. Finally, in control group they were (63.63%, 36.37% and 0%) respectively, and the AG was common in diabetic foot patients, while GG genotype more frequent in diabetes and AA genotype was more frequent in healthy control. The study concluded that the presence of AG genotype and G allele from TLR4 896A/G(rs4986790) in the DFU patients may predict the probability of developing severity of this disease.

Molecular identification of Trichophyton interdigitale from patients with dermatophytosis

“…According to [13], T. interdigitale isolates are only anthropophilic, while zoophilic T. interdigitale isolates are T. mentagrophytes.T. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes were identified as species complexes which might be affected by epigenetic change throughout human & animal body localization based on the overall average of intraspecies and interspecies pairwise distances of combination [14,15]. They also have a common ancestor, and T. interdigitale species are descended from T. mentagrophytes species.…”