Present study included (50) clinical samples were collected from patients suffering from tonsillitis signs during the period from) November 2018 to January, 2019). All specimens were cultured for microscopic and microscopic study. Results show that from 50 patients, male was 60% and 40% were female. Several morphological, physiological and biochemical tests showed that P. aeruginosa constituted 18 isolates (36%) of these isolates. P. aeruginosa isolates were 18 isolates diagnosed by the morphological ,cultural and biochemical characters, the identification was confirmed by automated VITEK-2 compact system and molecular method for the presence of OprL. The results showed that only 12 (66.6%) isolates diagnosed as P. aeruginosa by automated VITEK-2 compact system and that was carrying OprL which are diagnosed as P. aeruginosa by P.C.R. According to the different diagnostic above, VITEK and PCR method were more sensitivity for P. aeruginosa detection among tonsillitis patients

Background: One of the most prevalent and dangerous consequences of diabetes, diabetic foot ulcers enhance bacterial resistance to a variety of antibiotics while also causing substantial morbidity and mortality in patients. The  study aims to confirm whether whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR-4(896A/G) genes are associated with Diabetic foot ulcer in terms of risk, and severity. Methods: Eighty eight samples  were included in the current study ranging  in their age from 20 to 67 and comprising 22 control subjects, 22 diabetic patients, and 44 diabetic foot ulcer patients who attended to  Central Diabetic Foot) in Najaf governorate between December 2021 and March 2022. Results: According to this study, male are more likely to get diabetic foot ulcers than female, and people in the age range of 51 to 60 are more likely (39%).The genotyping of Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4) 896A/G (rs4986790) gene revealed three genotypes; the wild homozygous AA type, the heterozygous AG and the homozygous GG type. The frequency for these three types in diabetic foot patients were (2.3%, 65.9% and 31.8%) respectively, while diabetes patients were (27.3%, 13.6 % and 59.1%) respectively. Finally, in control group they were (63.63%, 36.37% and 0%) respectively, and the AG was common in diabetic foot patients, while GG genotype more frequent in diabetes and AA genotype was more frequent in healthy control. The study concluded that the presence of AG genotype and G allele from TLR4 896A/G(rs4986790) in the DFU patients may predict the probability of developing severity of this disease.

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