Role of trivalent antimony in the removal of As, Sb, and Bi impurities from copper electrolytes

Xiao, Faxin; Dao, Cao; Mao, Jianwei; Shen, Xiaoni; Ren, Fengzhang

doi:10.1007/s12613-013-0687-6

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…They used As(III) ions as collector to precipitate the impurities, but low removal rates were reported: 53 and 52 % for Sb and Bi, respectively. Xiao et al[60] also studied the removal of Sb, As and Bi impurities using Sb(III) ions as collector to precipitate these impurities from a synthetic copper electrolyte solution, but with low recovery rates: 48.0 % for Sb and 38.4 % for Bi.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Dupont

Arnout²,

Jones

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

133

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Antimony has become an increasingly critical element in recent years, due to a surge in industrial demand and the Chinese domination of primary production. Antimony is produced from stibnite ore (Sb 2 O 3) which is processed into antimony metal and antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3). The industrial importance of antimony is mainly derived from its use as flame retardant in plastics, coatings, and electronics, but also as decolourizing agent in glass, alloys in lead-acid batteries, and catalysts for the production of PET polymers. In 2014, the European Commission highlighted antimony in its critical raw materials report, as the element with the largest expected supply-demand gap over the period 2015-2020. This has sparked efforts to find secondary sources of antimony either through the recycling of end-of-life products or by recovering antimony from industrial process residues. Valuable residues are obtained by processing of gold, copper, and lead ores with high contents of antimony. Most of these residues are currently discarded or stockpiled, causing environmental concerns. There is a clear need to move to a more circular economy, where waste is considered as a resource and zero-waste valorization schemes become the norm, especially for rare elements such as antimony. This paper gives a critical overview of the existing attempts to recover antimony from secondary sources. The paper also discusses the possibility of waste valorization schemes to guarantee a more sustainable life cycle for antimony.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Dupont

Arnout²,

Jones

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

133

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“…The As(V) slowly react with Sb(III) and Bi(III) to form the (Sb,Bi)AsO4 responsible partly for floating and/or slow settling slimes. As(III,V), Sb(V), and Bi(III) impurities are also effectively removed from the copper electrolyte by Sb(III) ions attributing to the precipitates as a mixture of microcrystalline SbAsO4, (Sb,As)2O3, and amorphous phases [204]. So it is a common practice of using a high level of 7-16 g/l As(III,V) in the CRE to control the undesirable levels of soluble Sb(III,V) and Bi(III) by rejecting As(III,V)-Sb(III,V)-Bi(III) solid solutions to the anode and/or cell slime through homogeneous precipitation as Q2O3, QAsO4, QSbO4 and/or Q(As,Sb)O4 (vide infra).…”

Section: Q2o3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homogeneous Precipitation: A part of the As(III,V), Sb(III,V) and Bi(III) impurities can spontaneously precipitate from the electrolyte to the anode mud (slimes, sludge or residue) during Cu-ER [25][26][27]117,[130][131][132][133][134][202][203][204]. Meanwhile, hydrometallurgical electrolytes purification technologies based hetero-geneous precipitation reactions with M(II) [18] (viz., Ba, Sr, Sn, Pb [27]) and homo-geneous co-precipitation reactions among As(III,V), Sb(III,V) and Bi(III) impurities in the bath have been utilized in the copper smelting industry [21,[25][26][27]117,134,136], however, until now the purification mechanisms have not been fully understood [130][131][132][133].…”

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confidence: 99%

Copper Refining Electrolyte and Slime Processing - Emerging Techniques

Acharya

2013

AMR

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Copper electro-refining (Cu-ER) is the principal method for producing >70% of high or 99.97% pure copper cathodes from 97-99% pure blister/fire refined-scrap copper anodes. While the inert and most of less soluble impurities settle as anode slime/sludge, other soluble impurities, particularly the metalloids (group VA/15 elements or Q: As, Sb and Bi) and some transition metals (Mt) co-dissolved with Cu(II). Since the soluble impurities build up in the copper refining electrolyte (CRE) which need monitoring and control to prevent contamination of the cathodes and passivation of the anodes before bleeding for spent CRE reprocessing. There is a high demand for pure electrorefined copper and electrolyte additives are added to the CRE to prevent nodulation or control the chemical and physical properties of copper cathodes. Various hydrometallurgical methods such as precipitation, adsorption, electro-dialysis, electro-winning, ion exchange and solvent extraction have been developed with some success to control the CRE impurities. So some emerging technologies for improved monitoring and control of the metalloid impurities in CRE and slime as well as development of saleable byproduct recovery (As, Sb, Bi) are briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the precipitation for the metalloid slime resource recycling and product development.

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“…25 The present study involves density functional theory (DFT) assisted design of a ligand which is highly selective towards bismuth even in the presence of large concentration of Cu(II) in aqueous H 2 SO 4 solutions. These theoretical studies were also performed with Sb(III) and As(III) ions 26 in order to explore the competitive complexation behaviour of Bi(III) in presence of other pnictogens and Cu(II) ions with the ligand. These studies provide a deeper insight of metal-ligand interaction and thus assist in the design of highly Bi-specic ligands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of a novel ligand for Menshutkin complexation of Bi(iii) from aqueous acidic copper sulfate electrolyte solutions and experimental investigations

Arora

Gaikar

2016

RSC Adv.

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Role of trivalent antimony in the removal of As, Sb, and Bi impurities from copper electrolytes

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Copper Refining Electrolyte and Slime Processing - Emerging Techniques

Molecular design of a novel ligand for Menshutkin complexation of Bi(iii) from aqueous acidic copper sulfate electrolyte solutions and experimental investigations

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