Role of Vitamin D in Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Objective: About 90% of cardiovascular diseases can be prevented. In recent years, the role of vitamin D in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and components of metabolic syndrome has been actively discussed. The study aimed to investigate the possible influence of vitamin D3 on the emergence risk of metabolic syndrome and adverse cardiovascular events.
 Materials and methods: The study enrolled a total of 336 people (170 males and 166 females) aged 50-60 years. For comparative analysis, two groups were formed: Group 1 group involved 150 people treated with placebo, and Group 2 group included 186 people who received vitamin D3 orally in a dose of 2000 IU/day. The duration of treatment and observation was four years. Participants in the study completed a questionnaire developed by the authors of this paper, in which they answered questions about the presence of factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular pathology.
 Results and Discussion: Daily oral intake of vitamin D3 in a dose of 2000 IU/day for four years did not improve laboratory indicators, which are components of MS, namely, the content in the blood of TC, TG, LDL, HDL, AI, fasting and postprandial glycemia, insulin, and insulin resistance index HOMA2-IR (p>0.05). Prolonged use of vitamin D3 did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarcts (RR=0.93, 95% CI [0.21-4.09], p=0.92), strokes (RR=1.24, 95% CI [0.18-8.70], p=0.83), stenting (RR=1,23, 95% CI [0.32-4.88], p=0.76), arterial hypertension (RR=1.12, 95% CI [0.47-2.68], p=0.81), as well as cardiovascular death rates (RR=0.83, 95% CI [0.14-4.88], p=0.83) and death from any other causes (RR=0.93, 95% CI [0.21- 4.09], p=0.92).
 Conclusion: Thus, daily prolonged oral administration of vitamin D3 in a dose of 2000 IU/day does not contribute to the improvement of blood lipid spectrum, glycemia, and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome and does not reduce the risk of adverse (fatal and non-fatal) cardiovascular events.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.431-438

Vitamin D supplementation and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…After reviewing 5,089 studies obtained from the databases and 16 additional records identified through other meta-analyses, 5,081 studies were excluded, and 24 RCTs were included in the final analysis ( 22 – 25 , 27 , 32 – 50 ). Figure 1 shows the selection procedures and results.…”

“…Figure 1 shows the selection procedures and results. In total, twenty-two studies reported a definitive stroke outcome in published reports ( 22 – 25 , 27 , 32 , 34 – 42 , 44 – 50 ). The authors of two studies provided supplementary data on stroke ( 33 , 43 ).…”

“…In total, twenty-four RCTs were included in this meta-analysis, namely, 86,202 patients ( 22 – 25 , 27 , 32 – 50 ), of whom 43,286 received vitamin D and 42,916 received placebos with a mean follow-up of 2.85 years (range from 20 weeks to 7 years). Among participants randomized to receive vitamin D, 828/43,286 (1.91%) experienced a stroke, and 801/42,916 (1.87%) in the control group experienced a stroke.…”

“…Several previous prospective population health studies have shown that dietary intake of vitamin D has reduced the incidence of and mortality from stroke in the middle-aged and older adults ( 20 , 21 ). However, the results of RCTs on the association between vitamin D supplements and the prevention of cardiovascular disease, including stroke showed no protective effect of vitamin D supplementation against stroke ( 22 – 25 ). Furthermore, meta-analyses on vitamin D supplementation have not demonstrated measurable benefits in reducing the risk of stroke ( 15 , 26 – 28 ).…”

Vitamins and Minerals for Blood Pressure Reduction in the General, Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Six Supplements

“…A graphical representation with the weighted mean difference and its SE is also given for each study. References: Vitamin C ( [51], [56], [61], [85], [112]); Vitamin D ( [33], [34], [35], [42], [43], [44], [49], [50], [52], [57], [63], [64], [74], [75], [122], [79], [81], [83], [87], [97], [99], [100], [104], [105], [107], [108], [111], [113], [124]); Vitamin E ( [115], [117], [120], [86], [88], [89], [90]) The pooled mean difference is given in mm Hg with its 95% CI. The weighted mean difference in mm Hg and its 95% CI is given for each study.…”