Role of vitamin D receptor gene Cdx2 and Apa1 polymorphisms in prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundVitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms affect the risk of prostate cancer. However, studies investigating the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms (Cdx2 and ApaI) and prostate cancer risk are equivocal. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of all the studies to review the evidence available.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science for studies published until September 2015 was conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed to determine the association between VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms, and prostate cancer risk.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 10 studies involving 4979 cases and 4380 controls to analyze the VDR Cdx2 polymorphism. An additional 11 studies involving 2837 cases and 2884 controls were analyzed for the VDR ApaI polymorphism. Evidence failed to support the role of VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms in prostate cancer. For Cdx2, the pooled OR was 1.11 (95 % CI = 0.93–1.33) for AA vs. GG genotypes, 0.97 (95 % CI = 0.88–1.06) for GA vs. AA genotypes, 0.99 (95 % CI = 0.91–1.08) for AA + GA vs. GG, and 1.12 (95 % CI = 0.95–1.31) for AA vs. GA + GG. No significant relationship was observed in any subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, controls, and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). ORs for the ApaI polymorphism were similar.ConclusionsVDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms are not associated with prostate cancer. Additional evidence is required to confirm this conclusion.

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

“…Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis of 19 prospective cohort or nested case-control studies suggested per 10 ng/ml increment in circulating 25[OH]D concentration, the risk of prostate cancer was approximately 4 % elevated [64]. Moreover, recent meta-analyses found the association between some race-related vitamin D receptors (VDR) polymorphisms (TaqI, FokI, Cdx2, ApaI, BsmI) and an increased risk of prostate cancer [65][66][67]. It should be noted that the seasonal variation might also affect the association found between the vitamin D and prostate cancer [68], since the sun exposure is the most important source regulator of serum vitamin D [69].…”

Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism and Cancer: An Update

“…However, the results of various studies were disputable and contradictory (39,40). Most of the studies found no association between VDR polymorphism and prostate cancer (13,22), however, Nunes et al found correlation between CC genotype (TaqI) with age (>58 years old), and GG (BsmI) with lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (<10 ng/ml) (41). Aassociation between a significantly increased estimated chance of PSA <10 ng/ml with G allele (BsmI) and 9.75-fold increased chance of patients with prostate cancer having a lower PSA level with GG/GG genotype (BsmI/ApaI) was also found.…”

“…Aassociation between a significantly increased estimated chance of PSA <10 ng/ml with G allele (BsmI) and 9.75-fold increased chance of patients with prostate cancer having a lower PSA level with GG/GG genotype (BsmI/ApaI) was also found. Recently, various metaanalysis and case-control studies have been conducted to find a relation between VDR polymorphism (TaqI, FokI, Cdx2, ApaI, BsmI, rs731236, rs7975232, rs731236, rs1544410, rs3782905, rs1544410, and rs2239185) and risk of prostate cancer (11,13,18,22,(41)(42)(43)(44). VDR polymorphism FolkI, Cdx2, and ApaI were not found to have any association with an increased risk of prostate cancer.…”

“…For instance, the CDX2 polymorphism (SNP -rs11568820) of the VDR gene has been associated with cancer susceptibility amid varied results. Various researchers have conducted the meta-analysis to establish the viable association between VDR polymorphism and cancer risk (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). A meta-analysis including 25 separate studies totaling 34,018 individuals published prior to March 2015 for CDX2 polymorphism association with cancer conducted by Dai et al demonstrated that in the homozygous model, CDX2 mutations were significantly associated with an increased cancer risk of colorectal and ovarian cancer, particularly in AfricanAmerican but not in Caucasians or Asians (10).…”

Vitamin D receptorTaqI polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis

“…Furthermore, the global incidence is rising rapidly. By 2030, the number of new PCa and PCa-related deaths annually will climb to 1,853,391 and 544,209, respectively [ 2 ]. The etiology of PCa has remained unclear.…”