Role of vitamin K in the regulation of calcification

Shea, M. Kyla; Booth, Sarah L.

doi:10.1016/j.ics.2006.08.024

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Vitamin K is an established cofactor in the γ-carboxylation of vitamin K dependent proteins. Two vitamin K-dependent proteins, osteocalcin and matrix-gla protein, are present in skeletal and vascular tissue, respectively (8), and a role for vitamin K in cardiovascular and skeletal health has been reported (9,10). Vitamin K also is associated with a decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines in in vitro studies (11,12,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin K and Vitamin D Status: Associations with Inflammatory Markers in the Framingham Offspring Study

Shea¹,

Booth²,

Massaro³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Epidemiology

277

183

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In vitro data suggest protective roles for vitamins K and D in inflammation. To examine associations between vitamins K and D and inflammation in vivo, the authors used multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, triglyceride concentrations, use of aspirin, use of lipid-lowering medication, season, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy. Participants were from the Framingham Offspring Study (1997-2001; n = 1,381; mean age = 59 years; 52% women). Vitamin K status, measured by plasma phylloquinone concentration and phylloquinone intake, was inversely associated with circulating inflammatory markers as a group and with several individual inflammatory biomarkers (p < 0.01). Percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a functional measure of vitamin K status, was not associated with overall inflammation but was associated with C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). Although plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with urinary isoprostane concentration, an indicator of oxidative stress (p < 0.01), overall associations between vitamin D status and inflammation were inconsistent. The observation that high vitamin K status was associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers suggests that a possible protective role for vitamin K in inflammation merits further investigation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K and Vitamin D Status: Associations with Inflammatory Markers in the Framingham Offspring Study

Shea¹,

Booth²,

Massaro³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Epidemiology

277

183

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“…The metagenomic analysis identified differences among groups in terms of the abundance of genes related to vitamin synthesis, cell wall and capsule synthesis, and carbohydrate synthesis. The observed differences in the abundance of genes associated with vitamin synthesis led to follow up biochemical analyses focused on vitamin K, a factor that has long been associated with bone health (44,45) . Biochemical analysis confirmed reduced concentrations of vitamin K in the cecum, liver and kidney associated with disruption of the gut microbiota – an effect dominated by reductions in the concentrations of forms of vitamin K generated by microbes (menaquinones 5-13), supporting a potential link between vitamin K produced by the gut microbiota and bone tissue quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, vitamins produced by the gut microbiota can influence bone tissue. In particular, vitamin K is produced by the gut microbiota and has long been associated with bone health (44,45) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbial Metagenome and Tissue Composition in Mice with Microbiome-Induced Reductions in Bone Strength

Guss

Taylor

Rouse

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The genetic components of microbial species that inhabit the body are known collectively as the microbiome. Modifications to the microbiome have been implicated in disease processes throughout the body and have recently been shown to influence bone. Prior work has associated changes in the microbial taxonomy (phyla, class, species, etc.) in the gut with bone phenotypes but has provided limited information regarding mechanisms. With the goal of achieving a more mechanistic understanding of the effects of the microbiome on bone, we perform a metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome that provides information on the functional capacity of the microbes (all microbial genes present) rather than only characterizing the microbial taxa. Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to disruption of the gut microbiota (ΔMicrobiome) using oral antibiotics (from 4-16 weeks of age) or remained untreated (n=6-7/group). Disruption of the gut microbiome in this manner has been shown to lead to reductions in tissue mechanical properties and whole bone strength in adulthood with only minor changes in bone geometry and density. ΔMicrobiome led to modifications in the abundance of microbial genes responsible for the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall and capsule; bacterially synthesized carbohydrates; and bacterially synthesized vitamins (B and K) (p <0.01). Follow up analysis focused on vitamin K, a factor that has previously been associated with bone health. The vitamin K content of the cecum, liver and kidneys was primarily microbe-derived forms of vitamin K (menaquinones) and was decreased by 32-66% in ΔMicrobiome mice compared to untreated animals (p < 0.01). Bone mineral crystallinity was decreased (p=0.01) was decreased in ΔMicrobiome mice (p < 0.001) and matrix carbonate-phosphoate ratio was increased. This study illustrates the use of metagenomic analysis to link the microbiome to bone phenotypes and implicates microbially synthesized vitamin-K as a regulator of bone matrix quality.

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“…Vitamin K functions as a co-factor Gla carboxylation, which leads to the formation of a modified amino acid that is termed γ-carboxyglutamic acid ( 24 ), and vitamin K2 has been reported to be associated with the inhibition of arterial stiffening and arterial calcification ( 25 , 26 ). In addition, a high intake of vitamin K was demonstrated to decrease coronary artery calcium levels and the subsequent risk of CVDs, coronary heart disease-associated mortality and the calcification of arterial and aortic valves ( 23 , 27 , 28 ). The present review discusses a number of different vitamin K-dependent proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K‑dependent proteins involved in bone and cardiovascular health (Review)

et al. 2018

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In postmenopausal women and elderly men, bone density decreases with age and vascular calcification is aggravated. This condition is closely associated with vitamin K2 deficiency. A total of 17 different vitamin K-dependent proteins have been identified to date. Vitamin K-dependent proteins are located within the bone, heart and blood vessels. For instance, carboxylated osteocalcin is beneficial for bone and aids the deposition of calcium into the bone matrix. Carboxylated matrix Gla protein effectively protects blood vessels and may prevent calcification within the vascular wall. Furthermore, carboxylated Gla-rich protein has been reported to act as an inhibitor in the calcification of the cardiovascular system, while growth arrest-specific protein-6 protects endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, resists apoptosis and inhibits the calcification of blood vessels by inhibiting the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, periostin may promote the differentiation, aggregation, adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. Periostin also occurs in the heart and may be associated with the reconstruction of heart function. These vitamin K-dependent proteins may exert their functions following γ-carboxylation with vitamin K, and different vitamin K-dependent proteins may exhibit synergistic effects or antagonistic effects on each other. In the cardiovascular system with vitamin K antagonist supplement or vitamin K deficiency, calcification occurs in the endothelium of blood vessels and vascular smooth muscle cells are transformed into osteoblast-like cells, a phenomenon that resembles bone growth. Both the bone and cardiovascular system are closely associated during embryonic development. Thus, the present study hypothesized that embryonic developmental position and tissue calcification may have a certain association for the bone and the cardiovascular system. This review describes and briefly discusses several important vitamin K-dependent proteins that serve an important role in bone and the cardiovascular system. The results of the review suggest that the vascular calcification and osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells may be associated with the location of the bone and cardiovascular system during embryonic development.

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Role of vitamin K in the regulation of calcification

Cited by 18 publications

References 107 publications

Vitamin K and Vitamin D Status: Associations with Inflammatory Markers in the Framingham Offspring Study

Vitamin K and Vitamin D Status: Associations with Inflammatory Markers in the Framingham Offspring Study

The Microbial Metagenome and Tissue Composition in Mice with Microbiome-Induced Reductions in Bone Strength

Vitamin K‑dependent proteins involved in bone and cardiovascular health (Review)

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