Role of wound microbiome, strategies of microbiota delivery system and clinical management

In situ gelling hydrogel loaded with berberine liposome for the treatment of biofilm-infected wounds

“…Macrophages in trauma have both phagocytic and secretory functions. During the period of wound infection, M1-type macrophages can phagocytose and remove exogenous foreign bodies and necrotic cells, while in the stage of trauma recovery, M2-type macrophages can regulate wound repair by releasing various cytokines ( Kobashi et al, 2020 ; Tang et al, 2023 ). The anti-inflammatory effect of BH-Lip gel could be interpreted as the pharmacological activity of berberine, which was able to regulate inflammation by inducing macrophages to differentiate from M1 to M2 type, and reducing the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and then improve the local inflammatory environment and promote lipid clearance and metabolism ( Ehteshamfar et al, 2020 ).…”

Herbal Medicine-Inspired Carbon Quantum Dots with Antibiosis and Hemostasis Effects for Promoting Wound Healing

“…2,3 During wound healing, uncontrollable bleeding and wound infection are two crucial factors that lead to delayed healing and even death. 4,5 Local application of antibiotics can be used as the initial treatment for superficial wound infections. 6,7 However, excessive usage of antibiotics and rapid activation of bacterial resistance genes have led to strong resistance of pathogens against traditional antibiotics.…”

“…Cutaneous injury, one of the most frequently encountered clinical manifestations, has become a global public health problem . A contaminated or dirty-infected wound usually leads to bacterial infiltration, resulting in local infection, slow wound repair, and even systemic sepsis. , During wound healing, uncontrollable bleeding and wound infection are two crucial factors that lead to delayed healing and even death. , Local application of antibiotics can be used as the initial treatment for superficial wound infections. , However, excessive usage of antibiotics and rapid activation of bacterial resistance genes have led to strong resistance of pathogens against traditional antibiotics. , Meanwhile, antihemorrhagic drugs such as noradrenaline and thrombase exert little antibacterial activity. − Therefore, it is highly imperative to develop drugs with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and notable hemostatic effects for wound management …”

Accelerated infected wound healing by probiotic-based living microneedles with long-acting antibacterial effect

“…Recently, the application of probiotics for antibacterial effects in wound tissue has attracted considerable interest because beneficial bacteria are safe and capable of removing deleterious bacteria from wound sites by competing with nutrition or producing antimicrobial substances that are suitable for their survival but harmful to the deleterious bacteria, thereby avoiding frequent administration of antimicrobial agents or eliminating the risk of drug resistance [ 23 ]. As one of the most widely used probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus reuteri ( L. reuteri ) mostly exists in the gastrointestinal tract, and has been commonly reported to benefit the host immune system by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting regulatory T cell development and function [ 24 , 25 ].…”